Chaprter 7 - How can we build sustainable cities? Flashcards
What are cities?
A city is a defined urban area within a country
What are some features of a city that make them unique?
1) Large population
2) Built up area
3) High population density
4) Range of functions
What is population density?
Population density is a measurement of the number of people living in a unit area of land.
How do you calculate population density?
Population density = number of people living in an area divided by land area
Population density is the number of people per unit area of a given region. It is calculated by dividing the total population of a region by its total land area. The resulting number is usually expressed as people per square kilometer or people per square mile.
Formula:
Population Density = Total Population ÷ Total Land Area
For example, if a city has a total population of 500,000 and a total land area of 100 square kilometers, its population density would be:
500,000 ÷ 100 = 5,000 people per square kilometer.
What is infrastructure?
A system of buildings and equipment to provide basic services such as :
1) water
2) electricty
3) sanitation
4) telecommunications
5) transport for its residents
What are industries?
Produce and sell a variety of products including iron,paper and cars
An industry is a sector of the economy that produces a specific type of goods or services. Industries are typically categorized based on the products or services they produce and the processes they use. Some common types of industries include:
1) Agriculture & fishing
2) Mining
3) Manufacturing
4) Construction
5) Retal & Wholesale
6) Finance & Insurance
7) Healthcare
8) Tourism
What Is the Relationship Between Cities and Rural Areas?
Compared to cities, rural areas have a lower population size and density. There are fewer functions in rural areas, which are also less built-up. Despite these differences, cities and rural areas in many countries are connected by movements of people, goods and services.
What is rural urban migration?
People to move from rural areas to urban areas such as towns and cities.
Rural-urban migration refers to the movement of people from rural areas to urban areas, typically in search of better economic opportunities, educational opportunities, or a higher quality of life. This migration can have a significant impact on both the rural areas that people are leaving and the urban areas that they are moving to.
Define “push factors” with respect to rural-urban migration?
“Push factors” refer to reasons that make migrants want to leave their place of origin.
Define “pull factors” with respect to rural-urban migration?
Pull factors refer to reasons that attract migrants towards a destination, such as the city.
What are amenities?
Stuff that they do not have in urban areas and have to go to the city for it, eg, they can travel to a hospital in the city for expert medical help and advanced treatment, which might not be available in where they live. They can also buy certain goods that are only available from malls in the city.
Amenities refer to the features and services that are available in a city and are designed to enhance the quality of life for those living there. Amenities can include both physical features, such as parks and public spaces, as well as services, such as schools, hospitals, and shopping centers.
What are the opportunities of living in cities?
Education and employment are closely linked. Education enables people to gain useful knowledge and skills.
With these, people can then apply what they have learnt when they gain employment, where they are engaged in paid work. When people receive wages for their work, they can purchase food and other necessities to improve their well-being.
cities are home to a variety of educational institutions, including vocational schools and universities that cater to different interests.
Living in a city offers a range of opportunities and benefits, including:
Economic opportunities: Cities are often centers of commerce, industry, and finance, offering a wide range of job opportunities and higher salaries.
Cultural attractions: Cities offer a rich variety of cultural experiences, including museums, theaters, concerts, and festivals.
Educational opportunities: Cities are home to many universities, colleges, and schools, providing access to a wide range of educational opportunities.
Improved access to healthcare: Cities typically have a higher concentration of hospitals, medical facilities, and healthcare providers, providing improved access to medical care.
Improved transportation: Cities usually have well-developed transportation networks, including public transportation systems, that provide access to a wide range of destinations.
What is technological innovation?
The use of scientific knowledge to create new products or services. This is because there are many skilled people living in cities such as researchers, designers and entrepreneurs. There is also funding from governments and investors for these people to experiment with new ideas.
What challenges do people face in cities?
Increased environmental Pollution:
Large amounts of fossil fuels are being consumed in the cities every day due to the high concentration of people, businesses and transport networks. This is the leading cause of environmental pollution, whereby contaminants are produced and released into the physical environment. This eventually harms human health
Water Pollution:
Water supplies in cities are often affected by improper management of household and industrial waste due to inadequate or broken sewage systems. When waste is disposed directly or leaked into waterways, water quality is ultimately reduced.
Pollution threatens human health and aquatic life.
Air Pollution:
Due to the use of coal and generate electicity, high colume of vehicular traffic and emissions from factories, air polution is more pervalent in urban populations
What are some of the health risks from Air Polution?
1) Stress to heart
2) Stress to lungs
3) Shortened human life span
4) Eye irritation
5) Harm to blood
