Chappy 1: Evolution of Psych

Question 1

Criteria of science

Answer 1

Falsifiability, Doubt + criticality, and Replication + quality control

Question 2

Define parsimony (Ockham’s Razor)

Answer 2

Don’t overcomplicate - simplest answer is usually accurate

Question 3

Define Behaviourism,

Who founded it?

Answer 3

Psych should study only observable behavior (stimulus straight to response)

John. B Watson

Question 4

Define Clinical Psych
when was it popularized?
what are the branches?

Answer 4

Concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders (prescription)

Post-WWII - clinical boom

school, industrial/organizational, counseling

Question 5

Define evolutionary psych

example?

Answer 5

Knowledge and principles of evolutionary bio are put to use in research on the structure of the mind

Mind is designed by natural selection

Kenrick and Keefe - age preferences in mates reflect sex differences

Question 6

Define functionalism

Answer 6

Streams of consciousness, psych should investigate the function or purpose of consciousness rather than its structure.

William James

Question 7

Define structuralism

who founded it?

Answer 7

Psych should investigate the function or purpose of consciousness rather than its structure.

Edward Titchner

Question 8

Define humanism

who is a popular humanist?

Answer 8

Emphasizes the unique qualities of humans - especially freedom and potential for personal growth

Carl Rogers

Question 9

Define introspection

who’s famous for it?

Answer 9

Obersvations of the operations of one’s own mind

Willhelm Wundt

Question 10

Natural Selection

who founded?

Answer 10

Heredity is based on adaptive evolutionary traits

Charles Darwin

Question 11

Define positive psych
what are three areas of interest?
who founded? what is he famous for?

Answer 11

Uses theory and research to better understand the positive, adaptive, creative and fulfilling aspects of human existence.
Measures of happiness and depression as well as positive intervention tasks (three good things)

Subject experiences, individual traits, institutions/communities

Martin Seligman: Learned helplessness

Question 12

Define psychoanalytic theory

who’s famous for it?

Answer 12

Explains personality, motivation + mental disorder - unconscious influencers of behavior

Sigmund freud

Question 13

Willhelm Wundt

Answer 13

Founded first psych lab 1879
Father of modern psych
Remebered for Introspection

Question 14

Stimulus

Answer 14

thing/evet that evokes a specific functional reaction in an organ or tissue

Question 15

Psychology

Answer 15

scientific study of the human mind and its functions

Question 16

Sigmund Freud

Answer 16

Unconscious thoughts, memories, desires influence behaviour - ID, EGO, Superego

Developed theories based on patient observation

Psychoanalysis + Psychoanalytical theory

Question 17

G. Stanley Hall

Answer 17

First psych lab - John Hopkins U.S

Question 18

Donald Hebb
(hints: hebbian learning rule, long term potencial)

Answer 18

Hebbian learning rule: when two neurons are active @ same time, the connection between them is strengthened

Long term potential: long lasting increase in neural excitability in synapses along specific neural pathway

Question 19

William James

Answer 19

Investigates mental testing, patterns of development, educational practices + behavior differences between sexes

Functionalism

Question 20

Brenda Millner

Answer 20

Crucial contribution to memory - H.M (retrograde and anterograde amnesia)

Question 21

Carl Rogers

Answer 21

Humanistic approach: person centered therapy

Congruence, empathy, unconditional positive reward

Question 22

Martin Seligman

Answer 22

Positive psych - learned helplessness (dogs)

Question 23

B.F Skinner

Answer 23

Bheaviourist (most famous)
Behaviour is shaped by consequences - operant conditioning

advocated for the control of behaviour via conditioning in a real-world setting

Question 24

Pavlov

Answer 24

Classical conditioning - pavlov’s druling dog

Question 25

John B. Watson

Answer 25

founds behaviourism

Question 26

Define Cognition

Answer 26

Mental processes involved in aquiring knowledge

Question 27

Define empiricism

Answer 27

All knowledge derived from sense experience

Question 28

Define applied psychology

Answer 28

use of psychological methods and findings of scientific psychology to solve practical problems of human and animal behavior and experience

Question 29

Define Testwiseness

Answer 29

Any skill that allows a student to choose the correct item without knowing the correct answer

Question 30

Define the SQ3R method

Answer 30

reading coprehension method: survey, question, read, recite, and review