Chapitre 2 Part 1 DSM Flashcards
What is the definition and examples provided by the DSM for anxiety disorders ?
Feelings of apprehension with normal social and psychological functioning. For the various forms of phobias and anxiety disorders, DSM-5 removes the requirement that the subject (formerly, over 18 years old) “must recognize that their fear and anxiety are excessive or unreasonable”. Also, the duration of at least 6 months now applies to everyone (not only to children) :
It includes: agoraphobia, specific Phobia, Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia), panic attack, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) Separation Anxiety Disorder, Selective Mutism, etc.
What is the definition and examples provided by the DSM for bipolar and related disorders?
“An emphasis on changes in activity and energy as well as mood.”
It includes: Bipolar I and II disorders, cyclothymic disorders, etc.
The APA distinguishes between bipolar I disorder, characterized by a least 1 manic episode or mixed episode (manic and depressive features in the same episode), and bipolar II disorder, characterized by 1 or more major depressive episodes, together with at least 1 hypomanic episode.3 Note that while both bipolar I and II diagnoses require the presence of manic or hypomanic episodes, only bipolar II requires the presence of a major depressive episode.
What is the definition provided by the DSM for depressive disorder?
The common feature of all of these disorders is the presence of sad, empty, or irritable mood, accompanied by somatic and cognitive changes that significantly affect the individual’s capacity to function. What differs among them are issues of duration, timing, or presumed etiology.
It includes: disruptive mood dysregulation disorder, major depressive disorder (including major depressive episode), persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia), premenstrual dysphoric disorder, etc.
What is the definition and examples provided by the DSM for dissociative disorders?
Splitting off certain kinds of behaviors that are normally integrated: DD are conditions that involve disruptions or breakdowns of memory, awareness, identity, or perception. People with dissociative disorders use dissociation, a defense mechanism, pathologically and involuntarily. Dissociative disorders are thought to primarily be caused by psychological trauma.
It includes: Dissociative Identity Disorder (known by its very old name: “multiple personality disorder”), dissociative amnesia, dissociative fugue, depersonalization/derealization disorder, etc.)
What is the definition and examples provided by the DSM for Gender dysphonie ?
Gender dysphoria describe a condition in which someone is intensely uncomfortable with their biological gender and strongly identifies with, and wants to be, the opposite gender. Some of these people may live as their desired gender, and may even seek gender reassignment surgery. The DSM-5 also separates the diagnosis of gender dysphoria for children from that of adolescents and adults.
Cf. Transgender in adults: Male to Female (MTF) or Female To Male (FTM)
What is the definition and examples provided by the DSM for obsessive-compulsive and related disorders?
Presence of obsessions (e.g. recurrent and persistent thoughts, urges, or impulses), compulsions (e.g. repetitive behaviors: hand washing, ordering, checking, or mental acts: praying, counting, repeating words silently), or both of them. It includes: Body Dysmorphic Disorder, Hoarding Disorder, Trichotillomania (Hair-Pulling Disorder), Excoriation (Skin-Picking) Disorder, etc.
What is the definition and examples provided by the DSM for paraphilic disorder?
Paraphilia (also known as sexual perversion and sexual deviation) is the experience of intense sexual arousal to atypical objects, situations, or individuals. No consensus has been found for any precise border between unusual sexual interests and paraphilic ones. Homosexuality was at one time discussed as a sexual deviation: homosexuality was diagnosed in the DSM as an illness until 1973, and conditions pertaining to homosexuality were not entirely removed until 1987!
It includes: voyeuristic, exhibitionistic, frotteuristic, sexual masochism, sexual sadism, pedophilic, fetishistic, and transvestic disorders.
What is the definition and examples provided by the DSM for schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders?
Disorders involving psychotic symptoms (delusion or hallucinations, distortion in perception of reality, impairment in thinking, affect, behavior and motivation)
It includes: Schizophrenia and its subtypes.
what is the definition and examples provided by the DSM for somatic symptom and related disorders?
A display of symptoms with no apparent organic causes: the prominence of somatic symptoms associated with significant distress and impairment
It includes: hypochondriasis now called “illness anxiety disorder”, conversion Disorder (Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder), etc.
Which association created the DSM ?
American psychiatrist association
What year the first DSM has been produced?
1952
What are the advantage of the DSM ? (Non-exhaustive answer)
- identifie and describes clear and distinct disorders.
- provided a commun language between professional to talk about disorders.
- allow exchange of informations about research findings and clinical d’experiences possible.
- gives a prognosis.
- gives “optimal” treatment approches.
- none theoretical.
- good support manual.
What are the disadvantages of the DSM ? (None exhaustive answer)
- labels people as sick.
- gives the illusion of explanation.
- stigmatizes people.
- unreliable (arbitrary symptoms, #causes, #outcome).
- does nos considered socio-cultural effects.
- quick diagnosis for economics efficiency.
- promotion of drug based treatment.
- dividing lines between disorders.
