Chapitre 1 part 1 PSD Flashcards
(31 cards)
Which theory talks about the need for assimulation and what is it?
Optimal Distinctiveness Theory by Brewer (1991). Need to be like others.
Which theory talks about the autokinetic affect and what is it ?
Subjective uncertainty reduction theory by Hogg (2000), Hogg & Abrams (1993). When individuals felt uncertain about some task, they became increasingly likely to comply with the norms and behaviors of the group, presumably as a means to diminish this uncertainty.
What is a Bias in psychology ?
General pattern or tendency to think a certain way, it is essentially a quick route our brain can use in order to make decisions quickly.
What is the social processes of cooptation referring to ?
Preferentially recruiting or promoting people who are part of the network and thus vouched for by other close colleagues. It gives the manager the false impression that a/he will be able to control how the other person behaves.
What does decategorization means and do we use it for ?
It means reducing the feeling that there are fundamental differences between groups. We use it to fight against hidden forms of prejudice by inviting people to conceive themselves as individuals.
How can we accomplish a decategorization ?
By differentiation (showing the wide variation between members of the same group) and personalization (showing that members of the group are individuals, not interchangeable units).
What is discrimination ?
Differential behavior toward ingroup or outgroup targets. Treating an individual favorably or unfavorably because s/he is a member of a specific group.
What is an endostereotypes ?
Members of a group providing judgements about their own group members.
What is exostereotype ?
Members of a group providing judgments about members of other groups.
What is the glass partition effect ?
Blocking key positions which leads to top jobs in the business.
What is the glass ceiling effect ?
Make impossible for members of certain groups to rise to the top jobs in the business.
What is the swing door effect ?
Piling up problems for a colleague so that in the end the colleague gives up trying to succeed and thus confirms negative stereotypes.
What is ingroup derogation?
Negative evaluation of your own group. (Endodéfavoritisme)
What is ingroup favoritism ?
Viewing your own group positively.
What are intergroup conflicts?
Conflicts between groups.
What is the Minimal Group Paradigm ?
It is a methodology proposed by Tajfel and his colleagues to investigate the minimal conditions required for discrimination to occur between groups. In the first phase, participants are randomly and anonymously divided into two groups A and B. In the second phase participants take part in ostensibly unrelated resource distribution task knowing only the group and number of the other participants. Typically minimal group experiments find that participants show a significant degree of fairness in there allocations, they also show a significant tendency to allocate more money or points to ingroup members than to outgroup members.
What is the optimal distinctiveness theory (Brewer 1991) ?
This theory proposes that social identity involves a compromise between two opposing needs: The need of a simulation and the need for differentiation. People are motivated to identify with the groups that provide an optimal balance between these two needs. Optimal distinctiveness theory puts forward two motivations for inter-group bias. First, bias is motivated by the need to affirm the satisfaction derived from identification with an optimally distinct group. Second, given a certain degree of identification, intergroup bias is motivated by the need for intergroup differentiation.
What is an outgroup derogation?
Group’s members view other groups negatively.
What is outgroup favoritism ?
Group’s members view groups they don’t belong to more positively than their own.
What is a prejudice ?
Group evaluation towards ingroup and outgroup targets. A negative or positive attitude towards a target, expressed in the form of unreasoned rejection or approval.
What is recategorization ?
Reorganize people’s social perceptions constitutive groups and relation to fight against hidden forms of prejudice. It involve showing that each person can be seen as a member of one category according to one criterion and moving between these different levels of belonging.
What is the Rosenthal effect ?
Also called self-fulfilling prophecy. Process in which we find confirmation and proof for our stereotype to be unknowingly creating stereotypical behavior in outgroup members through our treatment of them. Exemple : Œdipus
Is self-report measures explicit or implicit measures?
Explicit measures.
What is the Social Dominance Theory (Sidanius & Pratto 1999) ?
This theory proposes that society contains ideologies that either promote or attenuate intergroup hierarchies. Individual differences in the extent to which these competing ideologies are accepted are represented by social dominance orientation (SDO). People with high SDO have a strong desire to promote intergroup hierarchies and for their ingroups to dominate their outgroups.
