Chapitre 1

Question 1

What is the main focus of cognitive psychology on perception?

Answer 1

Understanding how individuals acquire, interpret, and use information from the environment into the “senses” and interpret this information in the brain

Question 2

True or False: Perception is solely based on sensory input.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Fill in the blank: Perception involves the ________ of sensory information.

Answer 3

interpretation

Question 4

What is the term for the process of organizing sensory information into meaningful patterns?

Answer 4

Perceptual organization

Question 5

What is the term for the tendency to perceive a complete image or form even when the sensory information is incomplete?

Answer 5

Gestalt principles

Question 6

What is the term for the ability to perceive objects as having consistent shapes, sizes, and colors despite changes in sensory information?

Answer 6

Perceptual constancy

Question 7

Which cognitive process involves the ability to selectively attend to certain stimuli while ignoring others?

Answer 7

Selective attention

Question 8

What is the term for the ability to perceive depth and distance in a 3-dimensional space?

Answer 8

Depth perception

Question 9

True or False: Perception is a passive process.

Answer 9

False

Question 10

What is the term for the process of filling in missing information in sensory input based on past experiences?

Answer 10

Perceptual inference

Question 11

Which theory suggests that perception is the result of combining individual sensory cues to create a unified perception?

Answer 11

Constructivist theory

Question 12

What is the term for the ability to perceive motion and movement in the environment?

Answer 12

Motion perception

Question 13

Fill in the blank: The ________ approach to perception emphasizes the role of top-down processing in influencing perception.

Answer 13

constructivist

Question 14

Which theory posits that perception is the result of the brain’s predictions about the sensory input it receives?

Answer 14

Predictive coding theory

Question 15

What is the term for the tendency to perceive objects that are close together as part of the same group?

Answer 15

Proximity principle

Question 16

True or False: Perception is a purely objective process.

Answer 16

False

Question 17

Which term refers to the ability to perceive objects as maintaining their shape regardless of viewing angle?

Answer 17

Shape constancy

Question 18

Fill in the blank: The ________ theory of perception suggests that perception is the result of the brain’s interpretation of sensory input.

Answer 18

constructivist

Question 19

What is the term for the ability to perceive objects as having a constant brightness despite changes in lighting?

Answer 19

Brightness constancy

Question 20

Which principle states that objects that are similar in size, shape, color, or texture are perceived as belonging to the same group?

Answer 20

Similarity principle

Question 21

True or False: Perception is solely based on individual sensory input and has no influence from cognitive processes.

Answer 21

False

Question 22

Which theory suggests that perception is influenced by both bottom-up sensory input and top-down cognitive processes?

Answer 22

Interactive theory

Question 23

What is the term for the ability to perceive objects as maintaining their size regardless of distance?

Answer 23

Size constancy

Question 24

Fill in the blank: The ________ approach to perception emphasizes the role of past experiences and expectations in shaping perception.

Answer 24

constructivist

Question 25

What is short-term memory?

Answer 25

Short-term memory is a temporary storage system that processes incoming sensory information.

Question 26

What is long-term memory?

Answer 26

Long-term memory is a more permanent storage system that holds a vast amount of information for long periods of time.

Question 27

What is working memory?

Answer 27

Working memory is a system that temporarily holds and manipulates information needed for cognitive tasks.

Question 28

What is the capacity of short-term memory?

Answer 28

The capacity of short-term memory is limited to about 7 ± 2 items.

Question 29

What is the serial position effect?

Answer 29

The serial position effect is the tendency to recall the first and last items in a list more easily than the middle items.

Question 30

What is proactive interference?

Answer 30

Proactive interference occurs when old information interferes with the ability to remember new information.

Question 31

What is retroactive interference?

Answer 31

Retroactive interference occurs when new information interferes with the ability to remember old information.

Question 32

What is chunking?

Answer 32

Chunking is a memory technique that involves organizing information into smaller, more manageable units.

Question 33

What is the primacy effect?

Answer 33

The primacy effect is the tendency to remember items at the beginning of a list more easily than those in the middle.

Question 34

What is the recency effect?

Answer 34

The recency effect is the tendency to remember items at the end of a list more easily than those in the middle.

Question 35

What is elaborative rehearsal?

Answer 35

Elaborative rehearsal is a memory strategy that involves linking new information to existing knowledge to enhance memory.

Question 36

What is the method of loci?

Answer 36

The method of loci is a mnemonic device that involves associating items with specific locations to aid in memory recall.

Question 37

What is context-dependent memory?

Answer 37

Context-dependent memory is the phenomenon where retrieval is easier when the external environment at the time of encoding matches the retrieval environment.

Question 38

What is state-dependent memory?

Answer 38

State-dependent memory is the phenomenon where retrieval is easier when an individual's internal state at the time of encoding matches the retrieval state.

Question 39

What is the misinformation effect?

Answer 39

The misinformation effect is the distortion of memory by misleading information provided after an event.

Question 40

What is source amnesia?

Answer 40

Source amnesia is the inability to remember where or how previously learned information was acquired.

Question 41

What is the spacing effect?

Answer 41

The spacing effect is the phenomenon where learning is more effective when studying is spread out over time rather than being crammed into a single session.

Question 42

What is the dual-coding theory?

Answer 42

The dual-coding theory suggests that memory is enhanced by using both verbal and visual codes to represent information.

Question 43

What is the levels of processing model?

Answer 43

The levels of processing model suggests that memory is influenced by the depth of processing during encoding.

Question 44

What is the serial position curve?

Answer 44

The serial position curve is a graph that shows the relationship between the position of an item in a list and its likelihood of being recalled.