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Psychologie Cognitive > Chapitre 1 > Flashcards

Chapitre 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main focus of cognitive psychology on perception?

A

Understanding how individuals acquire, interpret, and use information from the environment into the “senses” and interpret this information in the brain

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2
Q

True or False: Perception is solely based on sensory input.

A

False

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3
Q

Fill in the blank: Perception involves the ________ of sensory information.

A

interpretation

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4
Q

What is the term for the process of organizing sensory information into meaningful patterns?

A

Perceptual organization

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5
Q

What is the term for the tendency to perceive a complete image or form even when the sensory information is incomplete?

A

Gestalt principles

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6
Q

What is the term for the ability to perceive objects as having consistent shapes, sizes, and colors despite changes in sensory information?

A

Perceptual constancy

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7
Q

Which cognitive process involves the ability to selectively attend to certain stimuli while ignoring others?

A

Selective attention

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8
Q

What is the term for the ability to perceive depth and distance in a 3-dimensional space?

A

Depth perception

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9
Q

True or False: Perception is a passive process.

A

False

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10
Q

What is the term for the process of filling in missing information in sensory input based on past experiences?

A

Perceptual inference

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11
Q

Which theory suggests that perception is the result of combining individual sensory cues to create a unified perception?

A

Constructivist theory

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12
Q

What is the term for the ability to perceive motion and movement in the environment?

A

Motion perception

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13
Q

Fill in the blank: The ________ approach to perception emphasizes the role of top-down processing in influencing perception.

A

constructivist

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14
Q

Which theory posits that perception is the result of the brain’s predictions about the sensory input it receives?

A

Predictive coding theory

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15
Q

What is the term for the tendency to perceive objects that are close together as part of the same group?

A

Proximity principle

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16
Q

True or False: Perception is a purely objective process.

A

False

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17
Q

Which term refers to the ability to perceive objects as maintaining their shape regardless of viewing angle?

A

Shape constancy

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18
Q

Fill in the blank: The ________ theory of perception suggests that perception is the result of the brain’s interpretation of sensory input.

A

constructivist

19
Q

What is the term for the ability to perceive objects as having a constant brightness despite changes in lighting?

A

Brightness constancy

20
Q

Which principle states that objects that are similar in size, shape, color, or texture are perceived as belonging to the same group?

A

Similarity principle

21
Q

True or False: Perception is solely based on individual sensory input and has no influence from cognitive processes.

A

False

22
Q

Which theory suggests that perception is influenced by both bottom-up sensory input and top-down cognitive processes?

A

Interactive theory

23
Q

What is the term for the ability to perceive objects as maintaining their size regardless of distance?

A

Size constancy

24
Q

Fill in the blank: The ________ approach to perception emphasizes the role of past experiences and expectations in shaping perception.

A

constructivist

25
Q

What is short-term memory?

A

Short-term memory is a temporary storage system that processes incoming sensory information.

26
Q

What is long-term memory?

A

Long-term memory is a more permanent storage system that holds a vast amount of information for long periods of time.

27
Q

What is working memory?

A

Working memory is a system that temporarily holds and manipulates information needed for cognitive tasks.

28
Q

What is the capacity of short-term memory?

A

The capacity of short-term memory is limited to about 7 ± 2 items.

29
Q

What is the serial position effect?

A

The serial position effect is the tendency to recall the first and last items in a list more easily than the middle items.

30
Q

What is proactive interference?

A

Proactive interference occurs when old information interferes with the ability to remember new information.

31
Q

What is retroactive interference?

A

Retroactive interference occurs when new information interferes with the ability to remember old information.

32
Q

What is chunking?

A

Chunking is a memory technique that involves organizing information into smaller, more manageable units.

33
Q

What is the primacy effect?

A

The primacy effect is the tendency to remember items at the beginning of a list more easily than those in the middle.

34
Q

What is the recency effect?

A

The recency effect is the tendency to remember items at the end of a list more easily than those in the middle.

35
Q

What is elaborative rehearsal?

A

Elaborative rehearsal is a memory strategy that involves linking new information to existing knowledge to enhance memory.

36
Q

What is the method of loci?

A

The method of loci is a mnemonic device that involves associating items with specific locations to aid in memory recall.

37
Q

What is context-dependent memory?

A

Context-dependent memory is the phenomenon where retrieval is easier when the external environment at the time of encoding matches the retrieval environment.

38
Q

What is state-dependent memory?

A

State-dependent memory is the phenomenon where retrieval is easier when an individual’s internal state at the time of encoding matches the retrieval state.

39
Q

What is the misinformation effect?

A

The misinformation effect is the distortion of memory by misleading information provided after an event.

40
Q

What is source amnesia?

A

Source amnesia is the inability to remember where or how previously learned information was acquired.

41
Q

What is the spacing effect?

A

The spacing effect is the phenomenon where learning is more effective when studying is spread out over time rather than being crammed into a single session.

42
Q

What is the dual-coding theory?

A

The dual-coding theory suggests that memory is enhanced by using both verbal and visual codes to represent information.

43
Q

What is the levels of processing model?

A

The levels of processing model suggests that memory is influenced by the depth of processing during encoding.

44
Q

What is the serial position curve?

A

The serial position curve is a graph that shows the relationship between the position of an item in a list and its likelihood of being recalled.

Psychologie Cognitive (2 decks)

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