Chaper 10 Test

Question 1

Deformation

Answer 1

a general term that refers to all changes in the shape or position of a rock body in response to stress

Question 2

How compressional stress changes a rock body?

Answer 2

it squeezes a rock and shortens a rock body

Question 3

How does tensional stress change a rock body?

Answer 3

it pulls apart a rock unit and lengthens it

Question 4

How does shear stress change a rock body?

Answer 4

it produces a motion similar to slippage that occurs between individual playing cards when the top of the stack is moved relative to the bottom

Question 5

What type of tectonic boundary is associated with compressional stress?

Answer 5

Convergent plate boundary

Question 6

What type of tectonic boundary is associated with tensional stress?

Answer 6

Divergent plate boundaries

Question 7

What type of boundary is associated with shear stress?

Answer 7

Differential stress

Question 8

Fault

Answer 8

fractures in rocks, along which displacement as occurred

Question 9

Joint

Answer 9

fractures in rock where there has been no rock movement

Question 10

What type of environment does faults occur?

Answer 10

can be recognized in road cuts where sedimentary beds have been offset a few meters

Question 11

What type of environment does joints occur?

Answer 11

when rocks in the outermost crust are deformed as tensional stresses cause the rock to fail by brittle fracture

Question 12

Domes

Answer 12

upwarped circular features where the oldest rocks are in the center. Ex: The Black Hills of western South Dakota

Question 13

Basins

Answer 13

downwarped circular features where youngest rocks are in the center. Ex: Basins of Michigan and Illinois

Question 14

Normal fault

Answer 14

characterized by the hanging wall moving down relative to footwall. Associated with tensional stress as the rocks pull apart

Question 15

Reverse fault

Answer 15

characterized by the hanging wall moving up relative to the footwall. Associated with compressional stress as the crust shortens

Question 16

Strike slip

Answer 16

characterized by placement that is horizontal and parallel to the strike of the fault. Ex: San Francisco earthquake of 1906

Question 17

Elastic deformation

Answer 17

the rock returns to nearly its original size and shape when the stress is removed

Question 18

Ductile deformation

Answer 18

a type of solid-state flow that produces a change in the shape of an object without fracturing

Question 19

Brittle deformation

Answer 19

rocks that break into smaller pieces

Question 20

Monoclines

Answer 20

large, steplike folds in otherwise horizontal sedimentary strata

Question 21

Synclines

Answer 21

downfolded or troughs of rock layers; youngest strata are in the center

Question 22

Anticlines

Answer 22

usually arise by upfolding, or arching, of sedimentary layers and are sometimes spectacularly displayed along highways that have been cut through deformed strata. Oldest strata are in the center

Question 23

Hanging wall

Answer 23

rock surface above the fault

Question 24

Foot wall

Answer 24

rock surface below the fault

Question 25

Dip-slip fault

Answer 25

occur when movement is parallel to the inclination. Fault block mountains

Question 26

Right-lateral

Answer 26

as you face the fault, the opposite side of the fault moves to the right

Question 27

Left-lateral

Answer 27

as you face the fault, the opposite side of the fault moves to the left

Question 28

What type of stress occurs in strike-slip fault?

Answer 28

Transform faults