Chaper 1 notes Flashcards
Inspection
Looking at the body’s appearance
Anatomy
The study of form
Palpation
Feeling a structure with the hands
Auscultation
Listening to natural sounds
Percussion
Tapping on the body to look for abnormal resistance
Cadaver dissection
Cutting and separating tissues of a dead body
Comparative anatomy
The study of more than one species
Gross anatomy
Can be seen with the naked eye
Histology
Microscopic study of tissue
Cytology
Study of structure and function of cells
Physiology
The study of function
Comparative physiology
Study of how different species function
Hippocrates
Known as the father of medicine A Greek physician who established a code of ethics for physicians
Galen
Physician for Roman gladiators he wrote the most influential medical textbook for the ancient era
Andreas Vesalius
The first to publish accurate illustrations for teaching anatomy and the first Atlas of anatomy
William Harvey
First to realize the blood to circulate continuously
Robert Hooke
Improve the optics and invented several features of compound microscopes
Matthias Schleidin & Theodore Schwann
Scientists that concluded that all organisms are composed of cells
Organism
Single complete individual
Organ system
Group with unique collective function
Organ
Two or more tissues that work together to carry out a function
Tissue
Mass of similar cells that forms a discrete region of an organ and performs a specific function
Cell
The smallest unit of an organism that carries out all the basic functions of life
Organelle
Structure in a cell that carries out individual functions
Molecule
A particle composed of Atoms
Atom
The smallest particle with unique chemical identities
The book teaches what percent
70
Some people lack organs
Or Have extra
Situs inversus
Organs of the thoracic and abdominal cavities are reversed between right and left
Situs purversus
A single organ occupies an atypical position
Human Organization
Exhibit a higher level of organization the nonliving things
Human cellular composition
Compartmentalized into one or more cells
Metabolism
The sum of all internal chemical change
Anabolism
Molecules are synthesized
Catabolism
Molecules are broken down
Excretion
The separation of wastes from the tissues and their elimination from the body
Responsiveness and movement
The ability of organisms to sense and react to stimuli
Responsiveness and movement includes
A nerve and muscle cells
B self-propelled movement from place to place
Homeostasis
Maintain internal stability
Development
Any change in form or function over the lifetime of the organism
Differentiation
The transformation of cells with no specialized function into cells that Are committed to a particular task
Growth
An increase in size
Reproduction
Produces copies of themselves
Physiological variables different with
Sex age weight diet degree of physical activity and environment
What is a reference man
Healthy male 22 years old 154 LBS engaging in light of physical activity consuming 2800 cal a day
Reference woman
Same ass man except 128 LBS and an intake 2000 cal a day
Homeostasis
The ability to maintain stable internal conditions
Dynamic equilibrium
There is a certain set point for a given variable and conditions fluctuate slightly around this point
Negative feedback
Mechanism that keeps variables close to the set point
a. A process in which the body senses a change and activates mechanisms the negate or reverse it
Example thermoregulation
Feedback loops
End product alters the original changes that triggered the formation of the end product
Components of a feedback loop
Receptors integrating centers and efectors
Receptor
A structure that sense is a change in the body
Integrating center
A mechanism that processes information from the receptor related to other information and s response
Effector
Cell or organ that carries out the corrective action
Positive feedback
Self amplifying cycle in which this physiological change leads to even greater change in the same direction
Positive feedback is a normal way of producing
Rapid change
Example childbirth
The stress of the cervix stimulates nerve endings which signals the pituitary to secrete oxytocin
What percent of medical terms are from Greek and Latin roots
90%
Greeks and Romans coin many of the words
Still used today
Roots
Bears the core meaning of the word
Combining vowels
Are often inserted to join roots
Prefix
Added to the beginning of the word to modify the core meaning of the word
Suffix
Added to the end of a word to modify its core meaning
Eponyms
Terms formed from the names of people
Acronyms
Words composed of the first letter or first few letters of the word
