Chap.2 - Organisation of the Organism Flashcards
1
Q
Animal Cell Features
A
- Cell membrane
- Shape: Vary
- Small vacuoles
- Nucleus
- Cytoplasm
- Mitochondria
- Ribosomes
2
Q
Plant Cell Features
A
- Cellulose cell wall
- Cell membrane
- Shape: Determined by the cell wall
- Chloroplasts: present in some cells
- Vacuole: large vacuole in cytoplasm containing cell sap
- Cytoplasm
- Mitchondria
- Ribosomes
3
Q
Cell Membrane
A
- keeps contents of cell inside
- allows simple substances to enter and leave the cell
- forms a barrier between the cell and its surroundings
4
Q
Nucleus
A
- Controls all activities in the cell
- Controls how cells develop
- Stores the DNA
5
Q
Cytoplasm
A
- Place where many chemical reactions take place
6
Q
Chloroplast
A
- Photosynthesis
- Stores starch
7
Q
Cell Wall
A
- stops cells from bursting when they fill with water
- gives shape to cells
- allows water and dissolved substances to pass through freely
8
Q
Sap Vacuole
A
- Full of water to maintain shape and ‘firmness’ of cell
- Stores ions and sugars
9
Q
Mitochondria
A
- Release energy during aerobic respiration
10
Q
Ribosomes
A
- make proteins for the cell
11
Q
How are new cells produced?
A
New cells are produced by division of existing cells.
12
Q
Ciliated Cells
A
- Location: in trachea and bronchi (air passageways)
- Function: movement of mucus and dust
- Adaptations: tiny hairs (cilia), lots of mitochondira to provide energy
13
Q
Root Hair Cells
A
- Location: roots of plant, in soil
- Function: absorption of water and minerals from soil (ions, nitrogens and magnesium)
- Adaptations: large surface area, no chloroplasts
14
Q
Palisade Mesophyll Cell
A
- Location: leaves
- Function: carries out photosynthesis using energy from sunlight
- Adaptations: Tall and thin, lots of chloroplasts for photosynthesis
15
Q
Neurones
A
- Location: brain
- Function: transmits electrical impulses around the body to coordinate responses
- Adaptations: long thin axon, branching dendrites, can carry electrical impulses
16
Q
Red Blood Cells
A
- Location: blood stream
- Function: to carry oxygen around the body
- Adaptations: bioncave shape to move easily, large surface area, no nucleus, contains haemoglobin
17
Q
Sperm Cells
A
- Function: to fertilise an egg cell to make a baby
- Adaptations: long tail to swim, chemicals in head to get into egg cell, lots of mitochondria to provide energy
18
Q
Egg Cells
A
- Function: to be fertilised by the sperm cell
- Adaptations: Cytoplasm contains nutrients for developing embryo, membrane changes after fertilisation to stop any more sperm getting in
19
Q
Cells
A
The building blocks
20
Q
Tissue
A
Similar cells working together in the same way
21
Q
Organ
A
Group of tissues working together
22
Q
Organism
A
A system made from organs
23
Q
Magnification
A
magnification = image size/actual size
24
Q
mm = ?
A
1mm = 1000 micrometres
