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Biology > Chap.1 - Characteristics & Classification > Flashcards

Chap.1 - Characteristics & Classification Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 5 Kingdoms?

A
  • Animals
  • Plants
  • Fungi
  • Proctoctists
  • Prokaryotes (Bacteria/Single cell oragnisms)
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2
Q

What are the characteristics of living things?

A
  • Movement
  • Respiration
  • Sensitivity
  • Growth
  • Reproduction
  • Excretion
  • Nutrition
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3
Q

Movement

A

An action by an organism/part of an ogranism causing a change of position or place.

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4
Q

Respiration

A

The chemical reactions in cells that break down nutrient molecules and release energy for metabolism.
(Formula: glucose + oxygen -> CO2 + water + energy released)

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5
Q

Sensitivity

A

Ability to detect and respond changes in their internal/external environments/stimuli.

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6
Q

Growth

A

A permanent increase in size and dry mass.

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7
Q

Reproduction

A

Results in the formation of new individuals.
- Asexual -> one parent produces identitcal offspring
- Sexual -> two parents producing gametes, offspring show variation

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8
Q

Excretion

A

The removal of metabolic waste chemicals. (NOT POO)

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9
Q

Nutrition

A

The taking in of materials (food) for energy, growth and development.

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10
Q

Species

A

A group of individuals that look alike, live in the same habitat, and are capable of interbreeding to product fertile offspring.

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11
Q

How are organisms classified?

A

By the features that they share.

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12
Q

Binomial System

A

An internationally agreed system in which the scientific name of an organism is made up of two parts showing the genus and species.

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13
Q

Genus

A

A group of species that are closely related, but do not interbreed with each other.

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14
Q

Classification using Biochemistry

A

Differences in nucleic acids and proteins can be used to relfect their evolutionary relationship.

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15
Q

Classification Systems

A

Aim to reflect evolutionary relationships.

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16
Q

Classification using DNA and Amino Acids

A

The sequences of bases in DNA are used as a means of classification. Groups of organisms which share a more recent ancestor have base sequences that are more similar than those that share a distant ancestor.

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17
Q

Prokaryotic Cells

A

Do not have a nucleus, instead a loop of DNA (plasmids).

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18
Q

Eukaryotic Cells

A

Have a nucleus.

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19
Q

All cells of living organisms are made up of…

A
  • A cell membrane
  • Cytoplasm
  • DNA
  • Ribosomes
  • Enzymes
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20
Q

Ribosomes

A

Carry out protein synthesis

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21
Q

Enzymes

A

Carry out processes such as respiration.

22
Q

Plant Kingdom Features

A
  • Multicellular
  • Eukaryotic
  • Have chloroplasts (for photosynthesis)
  • Cells have cell walls
  • Cells have large sap-filled vacuoles
  • Make their own food through photosynthesis.
23
Q

Animal Kingdom Features

A
  • Multicellular
  • Eukaryotic
  • Obtain their food by eating plants and/or other animals
  • Cells do not have cell walls or permanent vacuoles
  • All animals have nervous systems to coordinate their responses to stimuli and their movement.
24
Q

Animal Kingdom Main Groups

A
  • Vertebrates (a species that has a backbone)
  • Invertebrates (a species that doesn’t have a backbone)
25
Q

Main Groups of Vertebrates

A
  • Fish
  • Reptiles
  • Amphibians
  • Mammals
  • Birds
26
Q

Fish Features

A
  • Breath using gills
  • Two chamber heart
  • Scales
  • Lay Eggs
  • Live in water
  • Have fins
  • Are cold-blooded
27
Q

Reptile Features

A
  • Cold-blooded
  • Dry, scaly skin
  • Four-chamber heart
  • Lay eggs
  • Do not look after young
  • Breathe using lungs
28
Q

Amphibian Features

A
  • Young have gills
  • Adults have elungs
  • Moist skin
  • Lay eggs (called spawn)
  • Live on land and in water
29
Q

Mammal Features

A
  • Warm-blooded
  • Hairy/furry bodies
  • Four-chamber heart
  • Single jaw bone
  • Sweat glands
  • Mammary glands
  • Give birth to live young
  • Breathe using lungs
30
Q

Bird Features

A
  • Bipedal
  • Warm-blooded
  • Feathers
  • Wings
  • Lay eggs
  • Breathe using lungs
31
Q

Main Invertebrate Groups

A
  • Echinoderms
  • Cnidarians
  • Molluscs
  • Arthropods
  • Annelids
32
Q

Echinoderm Features

A
  • Marine
  • Five-sided
  • E.g. starfish
33
Q

Cnidarian Features

A
  • Marine
  • Big mouth
  • Stinging tentacles
  • E.g. jellyfish
34
Q

Mollusc Features

A
  • Soft body
  • Shell
  • No legs
  • E.g. snail
35
Q

Arthropod Features

A
  • Exoskeleton
  • Body in parts/segments
  • Jointed appendages
  • e.g. lobsters, spiders
36
Q

Annelid Features

A
  • Hollow, segmented bodies
  • E.g. worms
37
Q

Main Groups of Arthropods

A
  • Myriapods
  • Crustaceans
  • Arachnids
  • Insects
38
Q

Myriapod Features

A
  • Head & trunk (trunk made from segments)
  • One pair of legs on each segment
  • 1 pair of antenna
  • Compound eyes
  • No wings
39
Q

Crustacean Features

A
  • 2 pairs of antennae
  • Exoskeleton
  • Cephalorax (head-thorax combined)
  • Abdomen
  • At least 5 pairs of legs (5-20)
  • Jointed limbs
  • Compound Eyes
  • No wings
40
Q

Arachnid Features

A
  • Body in two parts (cephalorax & abdomen)
  • Eight legs (4 pairs)
  • No wings
  • No antennae
  • Several pairs of simple eyes
41
Q

Insect Features

A
  • Body in three parts (head, thorax & abdomen)
  • Six legs (3 pairs)
  • 4 wings (2 pairs)
  • 1 pair of antennae
  • Simple and compound eyes
42
Q

Fungi Features

A
  • Are visible with a light microscope
  • Multicellular (except for yeast)
  • Made from threads called hyphae
  • Produce spores
43
Q

Prokaryote Features

A
  • Simple cell structure
  • Have no nucleus
  • Only seen with light microscope
  • Single loop of DNA
  • Cell wall
44
Q

Protoctist Features

A
  • Many features of eukaryotes
  • Both uni- and multi- cellular
  • Can feed or make their own food
45
Q

Virus Features

A
  • Can be seen only with an electron microscope
  • Made from DNA or RNA
  • Parasites surrouded by a protein coat
  • NOT CELLS
46
Q

Main Plant Groups

A
  • Ferns
  • Flowering Plants
47
Q

Fern Features

A
  • Strong stem, roots and leaves
  • Leaves have waxy layer (cuticle) to reduce water loss
  • Have xylem
  • Reproduce by means of spores
48
Q

Flowering Plant Features

A
  • Multicellular
  • Each cell is surrounded by a cellulose cell wall
  • Leaves (and some stems) contain chlorophyll
  • Have apical bud where the stem grows new leaves
49
Q

Monocotyledons

A
  • Have one cotyledon (seed leaves)
  • Have leaves with parallel leaves
50
Q

Dicotyledons

A
  • Have broad leaves
  • Have a network of branchin veins
  • Have two cotyledons (seed leaves)
51
Q

Dichotomous Keys

A
  • Used to idenity organisms
  • Includes a series of paired statements or questions to lead to an identification
  • Means diving in two

Biology (4 decks)

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