Chap 9: Supplementary Terms

Question 1

cardiac output

Answer 1

amount of blood pumped from the RT or LT ventricle per minute

Question 2

Korotkoff sounds

Answer 2

Arterial sounds heard with a stethoscope during determination of BP with cuff

Question 3

perfusion

Answer 3

passage of fluid, such as blood, through an organ or tissue

Question 4

precordium

Answer 4

anterior region over the hart and lower part of the thorax, precordial (adj)

Question 5

pulse pressure

Answer 5

the difference between systolic and diastolic pressure

Question 6

stroke volume

Answer 6

amount of blood ejected by the LT ventricle with each beat

Question 7

Valsalva maneuver

Answer 7

bearing down, as in childbirth or defecation, by attempting to exhale forcefully with the nose and throat closed. This action has an effect on the cardiovascular system

Question 8

bruit

Answer 8

abnormal sounds heard in auscultation

Question 9

cardiac tamponade

Answer 9

pathologic accumulation of fluid in the the pericardial sac. May result from pericarditis or injury to the heart or great vessels.

Question 10

ectopic beat

Answer 10

a heartbeat that originates from some part of the heart other than the SA node

Question 11

extrasystole

Answer 11

premature heart contraction that occurs separately from the normal beat and originates from a part of the heart other than the SA node

Question 12

flutter

Answer 12

very rapid (200-300 bpm) but regular contractions, as in the atria or the ventricles

Question 13

hypotension

Answer 13

a condition of lower than normal BP

Question 14

intermittent claudication

Answer 14

pain in a muscle during exercise caused by inadequate blood supply, disappears with rest

Question 15

mitral valve prolapse

Answer 15

movement of the mitral valve cusps intro the LT atrium when the ventricles contract

Question 16

occlusive vascular disease

Answer 16

arteriosclerosis disease of the vessels, usually peripheral vessels

Question 17

palpitation

Answer 17

a sensation of abnormally rapid or irregular heartbeat

Question 18

pitting edema

Answer 18

edema that retains the impression of a finger pressed firmly into the skin

Question 19

polyarteritis nodosa

Answer 19

potentially fatal collagen disease causing inflammation of small visceral arteries. Sx depend on the organ affected

Question 20

Raynaud disease

Answer 20

a disorder characterized by abnormal constriction of peripheral vessels in the arms and legs on exposure to cold

Question 21

regurgitation

Answer 21

a backward flow, such as the backflow of blood through a defective valve

Question 22

stasis

Answer 22

stoppage of normal flow, as of blood or urine. Blood stasis may lead to dermatitis and ulcer formation

Question 23

SBE

Answer 23

subacute bacterial endocarditis: bacterial growth in a heart or valves previously damaged by rheumatic fever

Question 24

tetralogy of Fallot

Answer 24

a combination of four congenital heart abnormalities: pulmonary artery stenosis, inter-ventricular septal defect, displacement of the aorta to the RT, and RT ventricular hypertrophy

Question 25

thromboangiitis obliterans

Answer 25

inflammation and thrombus formation resulting in occlusion of small vessels, especially in the legs. Most common in young men and correlated with heavy smoking. May lead to gangrene of the feet. AKA Buerger disease

Question 26

vegetation

Answer 26

irregular bacterial outgrowths on the heart valves, associated with rheumatic fever

Question 27

WPW syndrome

Answer 27

Wolff-Parkinson- White syndrome : a cardiac arrhythmia consisting of tachycardia and a premature ventricular beat caused by an alternative conductive pathway

Question 28

cardiac catherization

Answer 28

passage of a catheter into the heart through a vessel to inject a contrast medium for imaging, dx, obtaining samples, or measuring pressure.

Question 29

CVP

Answer 29

Central venous pressure: pressure in the vena cava

Question 30

cineangiocardiography

Answer 30

the photographic recording of fluoroscopic images of the heart and large vessels using motion picture techniques

Question 31

Doppler echocardiography

Answer 31

an imaging method used to study the rate and pattern of blood flow

Question 32

Holter monitor

Answer 32

a portable device that can record from 24 hours to one month of an individual's ECG readings during normal activity.

Question 33

homocysteine

Answer 33

an amino acid in the blood that higher than normal levels is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases

Question 34

phonocardiography

Answer 34

electronic recording of heart sounds

Question 35

plethysmography

Answer 35

measurement of changes in size of a part based on the amount of blood contained in or passing through it

Question 36

PCWP

Answer 36

pulmonary capillary wedge pressure: pressure measured by a catheter in a branch of the pulmonary artery. Indirect measure of pressure in the LT atrium

Question 37

radionuclide heart scan

Answer 37

imaging of the heart injection of a radioactive isotope.

Question 38

Swan-Ganz catheter

Answer 38

a cardiac catheter with a balloon at the tip that is used to measure pulmonary arterial pressure. It is flow guided through a vein into the RT side of the heart and into the pulmonary artery

Question 39

TEE

Answer 39

transesophageal echocardiography : use of an ultrasound transducer placed endoscopically into the esophagus to obtain images of the heart

Question 40

triglycerides

Answer 40

simple fats that circulate in the blood stream

Question 41

ventriculography

Answer 41

xray study of the heart's ventricles after introduction of an opaque dye by means of a catheter

Question 42

atherectomy

Answer 42

removal of atheromatous plaque from the lining of the vessel.

Question 43

commissurotomy

Answer 43

surgical incision of a scarred mitral valve to increase the size of the valvular opening

Question 44

embolectomy

Answer 44

surgical removal of an embolus

Question 45

IABP

Answer 45

intraaortic balloon pump : a mechanical assist device that consists of an inflatable balloon pump inserted through the femoral artery into the thoracic aorta. It inflates during diastole to improve coronary circulation and deflates before systole to allow blood ejection from the heart

Question 46

ACE inhibitor

Answer 46

angiotensin- converting enzyme inhibitor : a drug that lower blood pressure by blocking the formation of angiotensin II , a substance that normally acts to increase BP

Question 47

ARB

Answer 47

angiotensin receptor blocker: a drug that blocks tissue receptors for angiotensin II, angiotensin II receptor antagonist

Question 48

antiarrhythmic agent

Answer 48

a drug that regulates the rate and rhythm of the heartbeat

Question 49

beta-adrenergic blocking agent

Answer 49

drug that decreases the rate and strength of heart contractions; beta blocker

Question 50

calcium- channel blocker

Answer 50

drug that controls the rate and force of heart contractions by regulating calcium entrance into the cells

Question 51

digitalis

Answer 51

a drug that slows and strengthens heart muscle contractions

Question 52

diuretic

Answer 52

drug that eliminates fluid by increasing the kidney's output of urine. Lowered blood volume decreases the heart's workload

Question 53

hypolipidemic agent

Answer 53

drug that lowers serum cholesterol

Question 54

lidocaine

Answer 54

a local anesthetic that is used intravenously to treat cardiac arrhythmias

Question 55

loop diuretic

Answer 55

drug that increases urine output by inhibiting electrolyte reabsorption in the kidney nephrons (loops)

Question 56

nitroglycerin

Answer 56

a drug used in the tx of angina pectoris to dilate coronary vessels

Question 57

statins

Answer 57

drugs that act to lower lipids in the blood

Question 58

SK

Answer 58

streptokinase: an enzyme used to dissolve blood clots

Question 59

tPA

Answer 59

tissue plasminogen activator: a drug used to dissolve blood clots. Activates production of a substance (plasmin) in the blood that normally dissolves clots

Question 60

vasodilator

Answer 60

a drug that widens blood vessels and improves blood flow

Question 61

apical pulse

Answer 61

pulse felt or heard over the heart's apex, measured in the fifth LT intercostal space about 8-9 cm from the midline