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Circulation: The Cardiovascular and Lymphatic System (Chapter 9) > Chap 9: Supplementary Terms > Flashcards

Chap 9: Supplementary Terms Flashcards

1
Q

cardiac output

A

amount of blood pumped from the RT or LT ventricle per minute

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2
Q

Korotkoff sounds

A

Arterial sounds heard with a stethoscope during determination of BP with cuff

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3
Q

perfusion

A

passage of fluid, such as blood, through an organ or tissue

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4
Q

precordium

A

anterior region over the hart and lower part of the thorax, precordial (adj)

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5
Q

pulse pressure

A

the difference between systolic and diastolic pressure

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6
Q

stroke volume

A

amount of blood ejected by the LT ventricle with each beat

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7
Q

Valsalva maneuver

A

bearing down, as in childbirth or defecation, by attempting to exhale forcefully with the nose and throat closed. This action has an effect on the cardiovascular system

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8
Q

bruit

A

abnormal sounds heard in auscultation

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9
Q

cardiac tamponade

A

pathologic accumulation of fluid in the the pericardial sac. May result from pericarditis or injury to the heart or great vessels.

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10
Q

ectopic beat

A

a heartbeat that originates from some part of the heart other than the SA node

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11
Q

extrasystole

A

premature heart contraction that occurs separately from the normal beat and originates from a part of the heart other than the SA node

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12
Q

flutter

A

very rapid (200-300 bpm) but regular contractions, as in the atria or the ventricles

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13
Q

hypotension

A

a condition of lower than normal BP

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14
Q

intermittent claudication

A

pain in a muscle during exercise caused by inadequate blood supply, disappears with rest

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15
Q

mitral valve prolapse

A

movement of the mitral valve cusps intro the LT atrium when the ventricles contract

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16
Q

occlusive vascular disease

A

arteriosclerosis disease of the vessels, usually peripheral vessels

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17
Q

palpitation

A

a sensation of abnormally rapid or irregular heartbeat

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18
Q

pitting edema

A

edema that retains the impression of a finger pressed firmly into the skin

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19
Q

polyarteritis nodosa

A

potentially fatal collagen disease causing inflammation of small visceral arteries. Sx depend on the organ affected

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20
Q

Raynaud disease

A

a disorder characterized by abnormal constriction of peripheral vessels in the arms and legs on exposure to cold

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21
Q

regurgitation

A

a backward flow, such as the backflow of blood through a defective valve

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22
Q

stasis

A

stoppage of normal flow, as of blood or urine. Blood stasis may lead to dermatitis and ulcer formation

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23
Q

SBE

A

subacute bacterial endocarditis: bacterial growth in a heart or valves previously damaged by rheumatic fever

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24
Q

tetralogy of Fallot

A

a combination of four congenital heart abnormalities: pulmonary artery stenosis, inter-ventricular septal defect, displacement of the aorta to the RT, and RT ventricular hypertrophy

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25
Q

thromboangiitis obliterans

A

inflammation and thrombus formation resulting in occlusion of small vessels, especially in the legs. Most common in young men and correlated with heavy smoking. May lead to gangrene of the feet. AKA Buerger disease

26
Q

vegetation

A

irregular bacterial outgrowths on the heart valves, associated with rheumatic fever

27
Q

WPW syndrome

A

Wolff-Parkinson- White syndrome : a cardiac arrhythmia consisting of tachycardia and a premature ventricular beat caused by an alternative conductive pathway

28
Q

cardiac catherization

A

passage of a catheter into the heart through a vessel to inject a contrast medium for imaging, dx, obtaining samples, or measuring pressure.

29
Q

CVP

A

Central venous pressure: pressure in the vena cava

30
Q

cineangiocardiography

A

the photographic recording of fluoroscopic images of the heart and large vessels using motion picture techniques

31
Q

Doppler echocardiography

A

an imaging method used to study the rate and pattern of blood flow

32
Q

Holter monitor

A

a portable device that can record from 24 hours to one month of an individual’s ECG readings during normal activity.

33
Q

homocysteine

A

an amino acid in the blood that higher than normal levels is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases

34
Q

phonocardiography

A

electronic recording of heart sounds

35
Q

plethysmography

A

measurement of changes in size of a part based on the amount of blood contained in or passing through it

36
Q

PCWP

A

pulmonary capillary wedge pressure: pressure measured by a catheter in a branch of the pulmonary artery. Indirect measure of pressure in the LT atrium

37
Q

radionuclide heart scan

A

imaging of the heart injection of a radioactive isotope.

38
Q

Swan-Ganz catheter

A

a cardiac catheter with a balloon at the tip that is used to measure pulmonary arterial pressure. It is flow guided through a vein into the RT side of the heart and into the pulmonary artery

39
Q

TEE

A

transesophageal echocardiography : use of an ultrasound transducer placed endoscopically into the esophagus to obtain images of the heart

40
Q

triglycerides

A

simple fats that circulate in the blood stream

41
Q

ventriculography

A

xray study of the heart’s ventricles after introduction of an opaque dye by means of a catheter

42
Q

atherectomy

A

removal of atheromatous plaque from the lining of the vessel.

43
Q

commissurotomy

A

surgical incision of a scarred mitral valve to increase the size of the valvular opening

44
Q

embolectomy

A

surgical removal of an embolus

45
Q

IABP

A

intraaortic balloon pump : a mechanical assist device that consists of an inflatable balloon pump inserted through the femoral artery into the thoracic aorta. It inflates during diastole to improve coronary circulation and deflates before systole to allow blood ejection from the heart

46
Q

ACE inhibitor

A

angiotensin- converting enzyme inhibitor : a drug that lower blood pressure by blocking the formation of angiotensin II , a substance that normally acts to increase BP

47
Q

ARB

A

angiotensin receptor blocker: a drug that blocks tissue receptors for angiotensin II, angiotensin II receptor antagonist

48
Q

antiarrhythmic agent

A

a drug that regulates the rate and rhythm of the heartbeat

49
Q

beta-adrenergic blocking agent

A

drug that decreases the rate and strength of heart contractions; beta blocker

50
Q

calcium- channel blocker

A

drug that controls the rate and force of heart contractions by regulating calcium entrance into the cells

51
Q

digitalis

A

a drug that slows and strengthens heart muscle contractions

52
Q

diuretic

A

drug that eliminates fluid by increasing the kidney’s output of urine. Lowered blood volume decreases the heart’s workload

53
Q

hypolipidemic agent

A

drug that lowers serum cholesterol

54
Q

lidocaine

A

a local anesthetic that is used intravenously to treat cardiac arrhythmias

55
Q

loop diuretic

A

drug that increases urine output by inhibiting electrolyte reabsorption in the kidney nephrons (loops)

56
Q

nitroglycerin

A

a drug used in the tx of angina pectoris to dilate coronary vessels

57
Q

statins

A

drugs that act to lower lipids in the blood

58
Q

SK

A

streptokinase: an enzyme used to dissolve blood clots

59
Q

tPA

A

tissue plasminogen activator: a drug used to dissolve blood clots. Activates production of a substance (plasmin) in the blood that normally dissolves clots

60
Q

vasodilator

A

a drug that widens blood vessels and improves blood flow

61
Q

apical pulse

A

pulse felt or heard over the heart’s apex, measured in the fifth LT intercostal space about 8-9 cm from the midline

Circulation: The Cardiovascular and Lymphatic System (Chapter 9) (4 decks)

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