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Intro to Food Science > Chap 9: Lipid Metabolism > Flashcards

Chap 9: Lipid Metabolism Flashcards

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1
Q

Building Block of Fatty Acid

A

Acetyl CoA

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2
Q

Lipoids

A

Phospholipids
Glycolipids
Cholesterol
Cholesterol ester

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3
Q

Lipoids are important for

A

Membrane components

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4
Q

Triglyceride or triacylglycerole are used to

A

store and supply energy

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5
Q

Lipids have (chain and groups)

A

hydrocarbon chain and ester group

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6
Q

Lipid composed by

A

ester of fatty acid (C - O - C)

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7
Q

Lipid Metabolism

A

Lipolysis
Lipogenesis
Beta Oxidation
Formation of Ketone Bodies

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8
Q

Lipogenesis (Divided into 3 Processes)

A

Biosynthesis of glycerol
Biosynthesis of Fatty Acids
Biosynthesis of the Triacylglycerol

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9
Q

Lipogenesis occurs in

A

(Mostly) adipose tissue, liver, lactating mammary glands, brain

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10
Q

Lipogenesis occurs in

A

(Mostly) adipose tissue, liver, lactating mammary glands, brain

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11
Q

7 malonyl-CoA (Part 1 of Bio. Tria)

A

7 Acetyl-CoA + 7CO2 + 7ATP

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12
Q

Acetyl-CoA + 7 malonyl CoA (+ 7ATP) (Part 2 of Bio Tria)

A

Palmitic Acid

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13
Q

The synthesis of long-chain FA carried out by my 2 enzyme system present in cytoplasm of cell

A

Acetyl CoA carboxylase
FA synthase complex

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14
Q

One glucose produces
Each acetyl CoA contains
4 glucose molecules

A

2 Acetyl CoA
2 Carbon
are required to produce 16 carbons of palmitic acid

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15
Q
  1. Dehydrogenation
A

loss of hydrogen to form a C=C double bond

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16
Q
  1. Hydration
A

the addition of water across the C=C double bond

17
Q
  1. Oxidation
A

loss of electrons and the formation of ketone C=O

18
Q
  1. Thiolysis (breaks sulfur)
A

the splitting of coenzyme-A activated fatty acids

19
Q

Adipose cells are specialized for

A

synthesis and storage of triacylglycerol

20
Q

The TG stored in the adipocytes are hydrolyzed by lipases to produce free FA and glycerol which are released to the blood

A

Fat mobilization

21
Q

Hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL)

A

TG lipase is the rate-limiting enzyme in the TG degradation in adipose tissue

22
Q

Lipolytic Hormones

A
  • Epinephrine
  • Norepinephrine
  • Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
  • Thyroid-stimulating Hormone (TSH)
    Glucagon *
22
Q

Lipolytic Hormones

A
  • Epinephrine
  • Norepinephrine
  • Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
  • Thyroid-stimulating Hormone (TSH)
    Glucagon*
23
Q

Anti-lipolytic hormone
(Against fat breakdown)

A

Insulin (Opposite to Glucagon)
(Stores fat)

24
Q

Beta-Oxidation is a process

A

by which fatty acids, specifically saturated fatty acids are broken down for use in energy production
(In cases of starvation, intense exercise, or stress)

25
Q

Beta-oxidation (players)

A
  • Often takes place inside the mitochondrial matrix
  • can also occur in organelles called peroxisomes
  • Major players : saturated FA and coenzyme (CoA)
  • Molecules of water, ATP, FAD+, and NAD+
26
Q

4 Steps of Beta-oxidation

A
  1. Dehydrogenation
  2. Hydration
  3. Dehydrogenation of the Beta-hydroxyl group to a ketone
  4. Acylation
27
Q

1 of 4 Dehydrogenation of

A

fatty acyl-CoA to make a trans double bond between alpha and beta carbon

28
Q

2 of 4 Hydration of

A

the double bond

29
Q

3 of 4 Dehydrogenation of the beta-hydroxyl group to a ketone

A

-e (electrons) removed transferred to NAD+

30
Q

4 of 4 Acylation

A

addition of CoA and production of acetyl-CoA

31
Q

Other Oxidation of Fatty Acids

A
  1. Oxidation of Unsaturated Fatty Acids
  2. Peroximal Fatty Acid Oxidation (VLCFA)
  3. Oxidation of Propionyl-CoA
32
Q

Ketogenesis:
Location -
Material -
Rate-limiting Enzyme -

A

Location - hepatic mitochondria
Materials - Acetyl CoA
Rate-limiting Enzyme - HMG-CoA synthase

33
Q

Ketones bodies replace

A

glucose as the major source of energy for many tissues

34
Q

The liver increases the production of ketone bodies from

A

Acetyl-CoA generated from fatty acid oxidation

34
Q

The liver increases the production of ketone bodies from

A

Acetyl-CoA generated from fatty acid oxidation

35
Q

Acetyl CoA is the link between

A

lipid and carbohydrate metabolism pathways

36
Q

Glucose, glycerol and fatty acids all degrade into

A

Acetyl CoA

37
Q

Biosynthesis of FA, ketone bodies & cholesterol all use

A

Acetyl CoA

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