Chap 9: Civil Rights

Question 1

Civil rights

Answer 1

gov protecting individuals from discrimination based in race, nat orgin, religion, sex and other characteristics ensuring equal treatment under the law

Question 2

American w/ Disabilities Act (1990):

Answer 2

prohibits discrimination based on disability

• requires employers & public facilities to provide “reasonable accommodations”
• require states 2 modify pub building so disabled citizens can access them

Question 3

black codes

Answer 3

leg that restricted economic and political rights 2 newly freed slaves after civil war

Question 4

13th A:

Answer 4

prohibited slavery

Question 5

14th A:

Answer 5

• defined citizenship; granted citizenship 2 all persons born or naturalized in the US (including African Americans)
  
  • states shall not make or enforce any laws that abriges or immunities of citizenship
  • due process clause (protects freedom)
  • equal protection clause

Question 6

15th A:

Answer 6

African American men granted right 2 vote

Question 7

equal protection clause:

Answer 7

-used 2 protect the rights of americans based on race, nat orgin, religion, gender and other characteristics

Question 8

what ways did south continue discrimination and find loopholes around these amendments

Answer 8

• jim crow laws: segregation
• literacy tests and poll taxes
• white primaries (only white primaris»therefore not on ballot)

used to keep African Americans from voting and running in election

Question 9

Plessy v Ferguson (1896):

Answer 9

> > Plessy arrested for riding on a “white only” railroad car; challenged segregation

• SP court upheld the const of legalized racial seg after CIvil War
• established “separate but equal doctrine”» therefore did not violate the 14th equal protection clause

> > later proved segregation was inherently unequal (esp in education) and therefore was unconst (w/ help of Thurgood marshall)

Question 10

Brown v Board of Ed (1954):

Answer 10

Brown tried 2 enroll his daughter in all-white elementary school closer 2 their house than all black school and request was denied
Ruled that even though facilities and tangible factors were equal segregated schools deprived children of minority groups’ equal education
Studies showed psychological damage to minority groups in seg
Separate but equal doctrine overturned

Question 11

De jure segregation:

Answer 11

segregation established by written laws; eliminated by states 1960s

(laws did not only allow seg but sometimes required)

Question 12

De facto Segregations:

Answer 12

segregation that exists because of choices

arises from other factors such as residential patterns, nad ; lingering effects od legal seg; NOTby law

Question 13

Affirmative Action

Answer 13

policy designed to address the consequences of previous discrim by providing special consideration to individuals based on their characteristics such as race, gender, or sexuality; benefits ppl who are members of groups that faced discrim in the past or are underrepresented

opponents argue this creates “reserve discrim”; proponents argue that it is necessary to ensure equality to those who have faced dicrim

Question 14

Civil disobedience:

Answer 14

intentionally breaking the law to protest/ bring attention 2 injustice

Question 15

King’s Letter from Birmingham Jail

Answer 15

MLK jr. response to criticism from white clergymen after being arrested for protesting seg in Birmingham Alabama

-clergyman questions he an “outsider” has come here» “injustice is here”
- expresses discontent w/ white moderate and white church and its leadership
> myth of time
> worse than the kk because they are more devoted to order than justice
-defends his movements tactics (civil disobedience) on the basis of natural rights “ there are just laws and unjust laws… an unjust law is no law at all”

Question 16

Civil Rights Act 1964

Answer 16

outlawed RACIAL seg/ discrim in schools and pub places

• fed gov could w/hold fed $$ to states & counties who discrim
• allowed fed gov 2 sue school districts who did not comply

Question 17

Voting Rights act of 1965

Answer 17

Prohibited any gov from using voting procedures that denied a person from voting on the basis of race/color

• abolished literacy tests for anyone that completed 6th grade
• helped enforce the 24th amendment
• authorized department of justice to send in fed officers to reg voters in uncooperative cities/ sates
• required certain state “preclearance” b4 states changed voting laws however later overturned the requirements claiming violation of 10th A

Question 18

19th Amendment:

Answer 18

granted women the right 2 vote