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FIN 512 > Chap 8: Life Insurance > Flashcards

Chap 8: Life Insurance Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 basic types of life insurance?

A

Temporary life insurance /Term life insurance

Permanent life insurance

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2
Q

Term life insurance (definition)

A

Term Life insurance is the most basic form of life insurance. It provides coverage for a specific term usually ranging from 1-20 years, and then terminates. Most term policies also offer additional riders that can be added to the policy. The most common are riders that are added to allow individuals to renew the policy for a new term or convert it to permanent insurance policy without a medical

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3
Q

3 types of permanent life insurance

A

Term to 100
Whole life insurance
Universal life insurance

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4
Q

Universal life insurance

A

Is permanent insurance broken down to its simplest form and custom tailored to meet the needs of the insured. The insured individual has full control over the policy, including the investments and the premium. It can also be purchased as a term policy. May have a cash surrender value, but no dividend

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5
Q

Whole life insurance

A

Term is guaranteed and usually leveled. Provides dividends. Cash surrender value guaranteed depending on the dividend return

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6
Q

Dividends on life insurance

A

Dividends from mutual life insurance companies are a refund of premiums and are not taxable.
Dividends from stock life insurance companies are taxed as regular dividends.

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7
Q

Term Life Insurance

A

Premiums are guaranteed for the term. No savings componant= no dividend or Cash surrender value. Premiums include pure premium, expenses and profit

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8
Q

Life Insurance: 2 types of funds

A
  • Segregated Fund

- Mutual Fund

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9
Q

Structure of a Segregated Fund

A

Contracts or policies – individual variable annuity contracts. As an annuity contract, when the policy matures, the policyholder can either withdraw the accumulated value of the contract or can receive a stream of income, a single life annuity. Fund is subdivided into units.

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10
Q

Structure of a Mutual Fund

A

Trusts usually, sometimes corporations. Fund is subdivided into trust units or corporate shares.

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11
Q

Regulation of Segregated Fund

A

Provincial and federal insurance legislation – not securities regulation as long as it guarantees the return of at least 75% of capital.

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12
Q

Regulation of Mutual Fund

A

Provincial securities regulation.

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13
Q

Creditor protection of a Segregated Fund

A

The insurance company owns the assets in the fund and the policyholders are preferred creditors so the assets of the seg fund are largely creditor-proof.

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14
Q

Creditor protection of a Mutual Fund

A

The assets of a mutual fund trust are owned by the financial institution who is the trustee of the fund and the assets are protected by trust law from claims against the trustee.
The assets of a mutual fund corporation are owned by the fund corporation and creditors have no claim against the fund manager.

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15
Q

Creditor protection for the investor in a Segregated Fund

A

Death benefit and maturity value

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16
Q

Creditor protection for the investors in a Mutual Fund

A

There is no protection available

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17
Q

Value of the contract for a Segregated Fund

A

Value of the contract fluctuates based on the market value of the assets in the underlying fund.

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18
Q

Value of a contract for a Mutual Fund

A

Value of the unit shares fluctuates based on the market value of the assets in the fund.

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19
Q

Guaranteed Value in a Segregated Fund

A

Value at death or maturity is guaranteed usually between 75 and 100%.

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20
Q

Guaranteed value in a Mutual Fund

A

There is no guarantee

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21
Q

Management Expense Ratio (MER) in Segregated or Mutual Fund

A

Both charge management fees that lower the return. The fee, called a Management Expense Ratio (MER), covers management and operating expenses and is stated as a percentage. Historical returns are usually stated before the MER is deducted. The MER also covers the cost of insurance for the seg fund.

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22
Q

Redemption in a segregated Fund

A

Early redemption or surrender of all or part of the policy at the net asset value (NAV) is permitted before maturity but it affects the guarantee and their may be an early redemption penalty (fee). Disposal of all or part can lead to a capital gain or loss depending on the unit value at the time of redemption.

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23
Q

Redemption in a Mutual Fund

A

Can redeem units on demand at the net asset value (NAV) of the units or shares. Disposal of all or part can lead to a capital gain or loss depending on the unit value at the time of redemption.

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24
Q

Death Benefit in a Segregated Fund

A

Payment of the guarantee at death or maturity is taxed as a capital gain since this is a variable life annuity, not considered to be a tax-exempt life insurance death benefit.

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25
Q

Death benefit for a mutual fund

A

there is no death benefit

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26
Q

Proceeds at death in a Segregated Fund

A

Greater of guaranteed value or market value.

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27
Q

Proceeds at death in a Mutual Fund

A

Market Value

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28
Q

Probate for a segregated Fund

A

None with a named beneficiary that is not the estate

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29
Q

Probate with a mutual fund

A

Goes into the estate to be distributed after probate fees and capital gains taxes are paid.

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30
Q

What are the 3 ways to assess how much life insurance you need

A

1) income or human life value approach
2) expense or needs approach
3) capital retention approach

31
Q

Life insurance needs/ capital retention approach

A

Much like the expense approach except that the insurance proceeds are invested and only the income is used to meet the required financial needs

32
Q

Term to 100 life insurance

A

A form of permanent life insurance that does not have a savings componant. Sometimes if the insured lives to 100, the face value is paid out even if the person is still alive

33
Q

Available capital ( life insurance/ expense or need approach)

A

Asset available to produce income - what they owe if one spouse dies

34
Q

3 ways proceeds from a life insurance can be taken

A
  • lump sum payment
  • interest option ( capital approach)
  • Annuity
35
Q

Prescribed annuity

A

The total tax amount is amortized evenly over the period

36
Q

4 necessary criteria to qualify for a prescribed annuity

A

1) payments must be leveled, not indexed
2) annuitant must be the owner and an individual
3) value can not be commuted or surrendered
4) guaranteed term period can not be beyond the owner’s 91st birthday

37
Q

Instalment refund annuity

A

Life annuity that pays for life the annuitant or the beneficiary until the payments = the purchase price

38
Q

Cash refund annuity

A

Life annuity that pays the balance to the beneficiary in a lump sum when the annuitant dies

39
Q

Life insurance: variable annuities

A

Pay an amount that varies each month according to the return on investment for the prior year? They are many variations of this type of annuity

40
Q

Joint life insurance policy

A

Covers 2 or more lives. It pays out on the death of the first to die, at which point the policy terminates

41
Q

Life insurance: last to die policy

A

Covers 2 or more lives and pays on the death of the last to die

42
Q

Life insurance : second to die policy

A

Covers 2 lives and pays on the death of the second to die

43
Q

Why is life insurance “creditor proof”

A

Creditors do not have access to the insurance proceeds when the insured dies. They only have access if the insurance is not payed to a spouse, child, grandchild or parent + proceeds are payed to the estate + policy is used as collateral on a loan

44
Q

Life insurance trust

A

A testamentary trust that is set up with insurance proceeds

45
Q

Life insurance riders: accelerated death benefit or living benefit

A

Allows the insured who are terminally ill to collect all or part of their life insurance benefit before they die

46
Q

Life insurance: contingent beneficiary

A

Receives the proceeds only if the primary beneficiary dies before the insured or before the term of a guaranteed term annuity

47
Q

Life insurance: revocable beneficiary

A

Can be cahnged after being named without the beneficiary consent, even if the beneficiary pays the premiums

48
Q

Life insurance : guaranteed issue policy

A

Bought through mail or TV add. Very expensive and limited coverage with accidental death and dismemberment rider that pays double if the insured dies from accident rather than illness. Usually graded so that if the insured dies within 2 years, the beneficiary only gets a portion of the face value

49
Q

Life insurance: level term

A

Coverage is the same throughout the life of the policy

50
Q

Life insurance: decreasing term

A

Policy in which the face value ( death benefit) decreases over time but premiums are level throughout the term

51
Q

Life insurance : term to 65

A

Has level premiums and is usually convertible to a whole life before it expires

52
Q

Life insurance : extended term or paid-up term

A

A term policy bought by using the cash surrender value of a whole life policy as a lump sum insurance payment on a term insurance policy

53
Q

Whole life insurance : ordinary or straight life

A

has continuous level premium and provides protection for life

54
Q

Whole life insurance : limited payment life

A

whole life insurance where the premiums are limited for a specific amount of time but the protection continues for life

55
Q

Non participating life insurance policy

A

the insurer assumes all the risks associated with its reserve and also keeps extra profits generated from the fund

56
Q

Participating life insurance

A

the insurer allows the insured to “participate” in its reserve profit

57
Q

Life insurance : Paid up policy

A

a policy that has not matured, but no further premiums are required

58
Q

Life insurance : paid to age policy

A

policy is in force during the insured entire lifetime but the premiums cease at a specific age

59
Q

limited payment life insurance

A

covers the insured’s entire life, with premiums payments required only for a specified period of years

60
Q

life insurance : reduced paid up policy

A

policy where the CSV has been used to buy a paid up policy and the amount of the paid up insurance is less than the original death benefit

61
Q

life insurance : policy loan

A

means the insured can borrow against the 85% or 90% of CSV

62
Q

life insurance : premium vacation

A

means that the insured can use the CSV to skip premium payments without penalty or cost

63
Q

variable life insurance

A

policies where the premiums are fixed but death benefit and CSV vary according to the investment experience of a separate account maintained by the insurer

64
Q

Endowment life insurance

A

life policy where the face value is paid at maturity even if the insured is still alive. CVS and death benefit are taxed as income

65
Q

3 dividend options for life insurance

A

1) Return of premium (non taxable as long as it is smaller than the premium)
2) Dividend can be invested back in the policy (term like policy, to purchase additional insurance, for premium vacation)
3) with universal life, div can be used to purchase segregated fund

66
Q

Life insurance : net amount at risk

A

The face value of the policy minus the policy reserve

67
Q

Net cost of pure insurance

A

Probability of death times the net amount at risk

68
Q

Adjusted cost base of whole life insurance

A

The annual premium required
- net cost of pure insurance
: it becomes negative as annual premium stay unchanged but net cost of pure insurance increase over the years

69
Q

What portion of the cash surrender value is taxable

A

Cumulative CSV

  • cumulated adjusted cost base
  • cumulative dividend paid
  • any non taxable withdrawal made
70
Q

In what circumstances is the cash surrender value paid out to the policyholders

A
  • the policy is cancelled
  • the policyholders takes out a policy loan
    It is reduced by the surrender charge ( cost to cancel a policy)
71
Q

4 types of death benefit for a universal life insurance

A

1) level death benefit
2) level death benefit + accumulated premiums deposit
3) level death benefit + account value
4) indexed death benefit

72
Q

Segregated funds / individual variable annuity contract

A

An annuity contract between the insurance company and the insured in which the policyholders deposits money which is used to invest in a variety of products to achieve a specific mandate

73
Q

Labour sponsored investment funds

A

Venture capitalist funds that invest in small to mid-size companies

74
Q

Mutual fund corporation

A

Open ended corporation. Elect to pay capital gain by declaring a special capital gain dividend which is taxed as capital gain income to the investor

FIN 512 (9 decks)

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