chap 8

Question 1

Which factors influence prenatal development?

Answer 1

Genetic factors and extrinsic factors individually affect development and interact to influence development

Genetic factors include inherited traits, while extrinsic factors may include environmental influences such as nutrition and exposure to toxins.

Question 2

At what age does peak height velocity occur compared to peak weight velocity?

Answer 2

Peak height velocity occurs at a younger age than peak weight velocity

This phenomenon is observed during the growth spurts in adolescence.

Question 3

What is the time period for the fetal stage?

Answer 3

8 weeks to birth

This stage follows the embryonic stage and is crucial for the development of bodily systems.

Question 4

Hyperplasia is __________.

Answer 4

an increase in the absolute number of cells

Hyperplasia plays a key role in growth during prenatal development.

Question 5

Proximodistal is __________.

Answer 5

the direction of growth, proceeding from the body toward the extremities

This pattern of growth is evident in the development of limbs.

Question 6

Differentiation is __________.

Answer 6

the process wherein cells become specialized, forming specific tissues and organs

Differentiation is essential for the proper functioning of various body systems.

Question 7

A teratogen is any drug or chemical agent that causes ____________ development in a fetus upon exposure.

Answer 7

abnormal

Teratogens can lead to congenital anomalies and developmental issues.

Question 8

Which type of growth curve is associated with rapid growth after birth, followed by gradual but steady growth during childhood, then by rapid growth during adolescence, and finally a leveling off?

Answer 8

sigmoid (S-shaped)

The sigmoid curve illustrates the typical growth pattern across different life stages.

Question 9

Which type of growth curve is associated with measurements such as height, weight, or length plotted against advancing age?

Answer 9

distance

This curve reflects the cumulative growth over time.

Question 10

Overall growth, from conception through adulthood, is _____________ a result of the interaction of genetic and extrinsic factors.

Answer 10

always

Both genetic and environmental factors are crucial for normal development.