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SG History > Chap 7 - What did independence mean for SG > Flashcards

Chap 7 - What did independence mean for SG Flashcards

1
Q

What were the 3 challenges faced after independence

A
  1. Economic challenges
  2. Security challenges
  3. Lack of sense of belonging
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2
Q

10 people in SG’s first cabinet

A
  • Lee Kuan Yew
  • Dr Toh Chin Chye
  • S. Rajaratnam
  • Ong Pang Boon
  • Dr Goh Keng Swee
  • Yong Nyuk Lin
  • Lim Kim San
  • Jek Yeun Thong
  • E.W. Barker
  • Othman Wok
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3
Q

2 Security challenges faced

A
  1. Konfrontasi

2. British withdrawal from SG

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4
Q

Solution to Internal/ external security challenges

[simplified]

A

Establishment of Diplomatic relations with other countries

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5
Q

When was Konfrontasi launched

A

20 Jan 1963

can’t remember exact date just put year

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6
Q

Most serious incident of Konfrontasi

A
  • Bombing of the MacDonald house
  • Killed 3
  • Injured 33
  • March 10 1965
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7
Q

Another external security issue face by SG other than the Konfrontasi

A
  • Threatened by instability of Southeast-Asia in 1960s
  • Vietnam War
  • Fought by communists in the North and non-communists in the South
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8
Q

How did SG feel, regarding the Vietnam War

A
  • Feared the government’s ability to maintain law and order would be affected if the war spread
  • Highlighted need for defence force
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9
Q

British withdrawal from SG

[General background info]

A
  • Depended on British Military for defence
  • In 1967, British government announced the withdrawal by mid 1970s
  • Situation worsened when they brought forth the date of withdrawal to 1971, (earlier than expected)
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10
Q

How would SG defence/ security be affected by the British withdrawal

A
  • Announced in 1967 to withdraw by mid 1970s
  • SG’s security and stability was threatened
  • Didn’t have a strong defence force to replace about 26,000 British troops
  • Situation worsened when the date was brought forth
  • This would increase SG’s vulnerability to internal and external threats
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11
Q

Who built the NS and why

A
  • Dr. Goh Keng Swee
    > First Minister of the MID (ministry of the Interior and Defence) which was established in Oct 1965
  1. He recognised that every men in SG had a part to play in the defence of the country
  2. Introduced NS system to rapidly increase the size of armed forces available to defend SG
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12
Q

Stats of NS

[ evidence ig?]

A
  1. In 1967, first batch of 900 full time NS men enlisted in the SAF (SG armed forces)
  2. By 1976, Number of full-time NS men and reservists in the SAF was about 140,000
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13
Q

2 ways to establish diplomatic relations with other countries

A
  1. Ensure strong ties and alliances with other countries though diplomacy
  2. Gain recognition by applying a membership to UN (United Nations) and the Commonwealth.
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14
Q

Reason for economic challenges

A
  • Small country without natural resources
  • Unable to rely on the export of natural resources to develop econ and provide jobs for ppl
  • Worsened by econ challenges faced after independence
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15
Q

4 econ challenges faced after SG’s independence

A
  1. SG’s tense relations with its neighbours threatened to affect its economy
  2. SG could no longer continue to depend mainly on entrepot trade for econ development
  3. Experiencing severe unemployment
  4. British withdrawal threatened to worsen the unemployment in SG
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16
Q

How does SG ensure strong ties and alliances with other countries though diplomacy

A
  1. Cultivate relations with as many countries as possible to safeguard its independence from external threats
  2. First 2 yrs of independence, worked hard to establish friendly relations with Southeast Asia and other countries around the world
  3. ASEAN was formed
17
Q

What does ASEAN stand for, which countries does it include and when was it founded

A

> Association of Southeast Asian Nations

Included:

  • SG
  • Philipines
  • Indonesia
  • Thailand
  • Malaysia

> Founded in August 1967

18
Q

When and which countries were recognised SG’s independence

[regarding UN]

A

By June 1966:

  • Indonesia
  • Philipines
19
Q

What is the result of:
1. Ensure strong ties and alliances with other countries though diplomacy

  1. Gain recognition by applying a membership to UN and the Commonwealth.
A

Efforts would ensure:

  • Peace
  • Stability
  • attract investors

It would also eventually:

  • Contribute to the growth of SG’s industries
  • Stimulate economic growth
20
Q

Why did the tense relationships with other countries affect SG’s econ

A

Malaysia:
- Malaysia been main market for goods manufactured in SG
- Malaysia imposed more taxes on these goods in an attempt to protect its own industries
THUS
- Made it difficult for industries in SG to develop
- Concerning, as threaten SG’s econ development

Indonesia:

  • Another main trading partner
  • Trades suspended due to Konfrontasi
21
Q

Why could SG not depend mainly on entrepot trade for econ development anymore and what did we have to do cus of this?

A
  • Trade slow down cus of policies implemented in other countries
  • These policies restricted foreign imports of foreign produced goods

> Develop a diversified economy to ensure continued econ growth [Learnt in depth in chap 8 ;) ]

22
Q

Stats regarding severe unemployment, and what had to be done

A
  • 14.3% of population unable to find jobs
  • Situation worsened every year as up to 20,000 school leavers joined workforce every year

> Thus, new jobs had to be created for all the ppl

23
Q

How did Britain’s decision to withdraw its military forces by the mid 1970s threatened to worsen employment in SG?

A
  • British military force contributed significantly to SG’s econ
  • Concerned about the lack of employment opportunities
    THUS
  • Affect their livelihood
24
Q

Why was lack of sense of belonging a challenge

A
  • Forge a common identity and a sense of belonging among its people
  • Make decision regarding their citizenship (many born is Malaysia, thus were also qualified for Malaysian citizenship)

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