Chap. 7 Human nutrition Flashcards
Balanced diet:
a diet that contains all of the required nutrients, in suitable proportions, and the right amount of energy
what 6 nutrients do humans need in their diet?
carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, water
Carbohydrates are needed for ___
energy
examples of carbohydrates:
potatoes, bread, pasta rice, maize, sugary foods
fats are needed for ___
energy, and to make cell membranes
Where do we store excess fat? How do we use it?
Under the skin, in adipose tissue
As an insulator
examples of foods with fats:
oils, meat, eggs, dairy, oily fish
proteins are needed for ___
building cells (growth), making proteins
examples of foods with protein:
meat, fish, eggs, dairy, peas/beans, nuts/seeds
what 2 vitamins do humans need?
C and D
Why do we need vitamin C?
to keep our tissues and skin in good repair
Vitamin c deficiency disease:
Scurvy, pains in joints and muscles, and excessive bleeding
Why do we need vitamin D?
a source of calcium for making bones and teeth
Vitamin D deficiency disease:
rickets, bone deformities
What 2 minerals do humans need in a balanced diet?
Calcium and iron
what is the calcium deficiency disease?
brittle bones/teeth, poor blood clotting
Why is iron needed?
for making haemoglobin
what is the iron deficiency disease?
anaemia, not enough oxygen gets delivered to tissues
peristalsis:
rhythmical muscular contractions that move food through the alimentary canal
what foods contain fibre?
All fruits and vegetables, oats, wheat, barley, brown rice
why do we need water in our cells?
metabolic reactions only take place if the chemicals are in a solution
why do we need water in plasma?
it transports many important nutrients around our body
why do we need water in the alimentary canal?
to dissolve enzymes and nutrients, so digestion can take place
What does the human digestive system contain?
The alimentary canal, liver, and pancreas
