Chap 7: Hormone Regulations in the Human Body

Question 1

the process of releasing synthesized matters by the cells

Answer 1

secretion

Question 2

the tissues or organs that are made of secreting cells

Answer 2

glands

Question 3

glands that release secretions through ducts (tubes)

Answer 3

exocrine glands: salivary, gastric, intestinal

Question 4

glands that release secretions into the capillaries and carried by blood

Answer 4

endocrine glands: testes and ovaries

Question 5

different endocrine glands forms?

Answer 5

endocrine system

Question 6

Pituitary gland

Answer 6

• secretes growth hormones
• size of a pea
• controls human growth and development
• regulates the activities of the other endocrine glands

Question 7

Gigantism

Answer 7

• over production (hypersecretion) of growth hormone in early childhood
• e.g: above average height (>260cm)

Question 8

Pituitary dwarfism

Answer 8

• insufficient of growth hormone in childhood
• e.g: below average height (<100cm)

Question 9

Acromegaly

Answer 9

• over production (hypersecretion) of growth hormone in adulthood
• extremities such as fingers, toes, nose, neck, and internal organs

Question 10

Thyroid gland

Answer 10

• secretes thyroxine
• largest endocrine gland
• regulate growth and development
• promotes metabolism
• speed up oxidative decomposition of body substances
• increase sensitivity of the nervous system

Question 11

Cretinism

Answer 11

• deficiency of thyroxine in early childhood
• retarded mental, physical (dwarfism) and sexual development

Question 12

Deficiency of thyroxine in adulthood causes

Answer 12

• slow metabolism
• low body temperature
• bloated body
• lifeless facial expression
• low heartbeat and breathing rate
• decreased mental ability

Question 13

Excessive thyroxine

Answer 13

• hyperthyroidism
• fast metabolism
• excessive oxidative decomposition of body substances
• mass loss despite increased appetite
• highly sensitive nervous system
• emotional
• insomnia
• forgetfulness
• highheartbeat and breathing rate

Question 14

Thyroxine requires?

Answer 14

• Iodine
• regional shortage of iodine causes the thyroid gland to swell, hence endemis goitre occurs
• have swollen necks, difficulty in breathing, rapid heartbeat and shortage of breath after physical activities
• ways to cure: adding iodine by eating marine plants that are rich with iodine

Question 15

Adrenal gland

Answer 15

• secretes adrenaline
• increases the rhythm of heartbeat
• dilates (expands) blood vessels leading to the muscles

Question 16

Pancreas

Answer 16

• secretes insulin
• promotes the storage of absorbed glucose in the liver and muscles
• controls the concentrations of blood sugar
• pancreas can be divided into endocrine and exocrine

Question 17

Glucose

Answer 17

• the main source of energy
• in the human body called blood sugar
• digestion of starch produces glucose, which becomes blood sugar once it enters the blood

Question 18

• glucagon:
• insulin:

Answer 18

• glucagon: increases blood sugar
• insulin: decreases blood sugar
• When blood sugar (glucose) rises, the secretion of insulin increases so that the blood sugar would drop
• When blood sugar drops, the secretion of insulin decreases so that the blood sugar can be maintained.

Question 19

What is the endocrine part called for pancreas

Answer 19

Islets of Langerhans

Question 20

Functions of insulin

Answer 20

• spped up the decomposition of blood sugar
• promote the conversion of glucose to glycogen to be stored in the liver and muscles
• provides energy to various tissues and organs

Question 21

Insufficient insulin secretion causes

Answer 21

• Diabetes mellitus
• the concentration of blood sugar will increase conspicuously
• blood sugar will be excreted with the urine

Question 22

what is the normal blood sugar level?

Answer 22

90-100mg/100ml
(diabetes: >126mg/100ml)

Question 23

Testes and Ovaries

Answer 23

• secretes sex hormones
• promote the growth and development of reproductive cells
• maintain human secondary sexual characteristics