Chap 6 Vocab (not for this quiz)

Question 1

Coral Reef

Answer 1

Formed by colonies of polyps which secrete calcium carbonate crust around soft bodies; when polyps die, empty shells remain behind for more reef growth

Question 2

Coral Bleaching

Answer 2

colorful algae die due to rising water temp/pollution → coral polyps die w/o food

Question 3

73% of Earth covered in water

Answer 3

71% saltwater, 2% freshwater

Question 4

Aquatic Life Zones

Answer 4

aquatic versions of biomes; saltwater & freshwater portions of biosphere that can support life

Question 5

Salinity

Answer 5

amounts of salts (like NaCl) dissolved in given volume of water; determine distribution of water’s organisms

Question 6

Saltwater (marine life zone)

Answer 6

oceans/bays, estuaries, coastal wetlands, shorelines, coral reefs, mangrove forests

Question 7

Freshwater life zones

Answer 7

lakes, rivers, streams, and inland wetlands

Question 8

Plankton

Answer 8

Organisms found in freshwater and saltwater life zones; includes phytoplankton, ultraplankton, and zooplankton

Question 9

Nekton

Answer 9

swimming consumers like fish, turtles, whales, etc

Question 10

Benthos

Answer 10

bottom-dwellers; includes organisms that anchor to ocean-bottom structures (oysters/sea stars), organisms that burrow in sand/mud (clams/worms), and organisms that walk on seafloor (lobsters/crabs)

Question 11

Decomposers

Answer 11

break down organic matter into nutrients for aquatic primary producers to use (think bacteria)

Question 12

Key factors that distribution of organism populations

Answer 12

Temp, DO content, food, and light/nutrients for photosynthesis

Question 13

Algal bloom

Answer 13

clouds water & reduces depth of euphotic zone; results from nutrient overload

Question 14

Turbidity

Answer 14

cloudiness in water which can be caused by algal bloom or by sediments carried by wind, rain, & melting snow

Question 15

Marine Ecosystems Services

Answer 15

1. oxygen from photosynthesis
2. water purification
3. climate moderation
4. CO2 absorption
5. nutrient cycling
6. reduced storm damage
7. biodiversity (species/habitats)

Question 15

Marine Ecosystems Services

Answer 15

1. oxygen from photosynthesis
2. water purification
3. climate moderation
4. CO2 absorption
5. nutrient cycling
6. reduced storm damage
7. biodiversity (species/habitats)

Question 16

Marine Economic Services

Answer 16

1. Food
2. Energy from waves/tides
3. Pharmaceuticals
4. Harbors/Transportation routes
5. recreation/tourism
6. Employment
7. Minerals

Question 17

Coastal zone

Answer 17

warm, nutrient-rich, shallow water extending from high-tide on land to edge of continental shelf; includes estuaries, coastal marshes, mangrove forests, coral reefs

Question 18

Estuary

Answer 18

aquatic zone where river meets sea; nutrient rich but pollutants from land

Question 19

Coastal Wetlands

Answer 19

coastal land areas covered w/ water all or part of yr; includes marshes + mangrove forests; high nutrient inputs from rivers & land, rapid circulation of nutrients by tidal flows, ample sunlight for shallow water

Question 20

Coastal Wetlands Ecosystem Services

Answer 20

1. maintain H20 quality by filtering toxic pollutants/excess plant nutrients/sediments and absorbing other pollutants
2. food, habitats, and nursery sits for aquatic and terrestrial species
3. reduce storm damage/coastal erosion by absorbing waves/storing water from storms/tsunamis

Question 21

Tides

Answer 21

caused by gravitational pull of moon and sun; periodic flows of water onto/off short

Question 22

Intertidal zone

Answer 22

area of shoreline between low/high tides