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ST > Chap 6 - The Patient. > Flashcards

Chap 6 - The Patient. Flashcards

1
Q

Body image

A

The way an individual perceives himself/herself physically in the eyes of others.

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2
Q

Cultural competence:

A

Ability to communicate with people of other cultures and belief systems

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3
Q

Elimination

A

The physiological process of removing chemical and cellular waste products from the body.

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4
Q

Maslow’s hierarchy of human needs

A

A model of human achievement and self-actualization.

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5
Q

Mobility

A

The ability of an organism to move.

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6
Q

Nutrition

A

Intake of food by an organism.

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7
Q

Patient-centered care

A

Therapeutic care, communication, and intervention on the patient as an individual.

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8
Q

Physiological

A

Biochemical and metabolic processes of an organism.

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9
Q

Reflection

A

Communication with the patient that helps the individual connect his/her feelings with events in the environment

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10
Q

Therapeutic communication

A

Purposeful method of communication in which the caregiver responds to explicit or implicit needs of the patient with empathy and support

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11
Q

What does Maslow’s chart teach us about the needs of individuals?

A

The most basic requirement for life must be fulfilled in order for the higher levels to be achieved.

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12
Q

Why would a patient feel a loss of security if he/she were about to undergo surgical procedure?

A

•Anesthesia
i. May NOT awaken from anesthetic or feel pain while paralysed (anesthesia awareness).

•Death

i. Fear of death.
ii. This fear > in pt, about to receive general anaesthetic.

•Pain

i. Normal protective mechanism.
ii. Fear of pain postoperative.

•Disfigurement
i. Realistic fear of disfigurement, related to Sx.

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13
Q

Why is self-image important to a patient before surgery

A
  • 4th level of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs that include self-esteem, achievement.
  • Patient’s self-image is that he is loved and has support of family & friends are reassuring healing.
  • Body image is how others perceive us. The security of knowing that support group is there acceptable. Makes the outcome more success.
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14
Q

Therapeutic communication includes

A

•Active listening.

i. Eye contact
ii. No distractions.

  • Provide information about what is happening.
  • Focus on crucial communication.
  • Paraphrase/Restate to show pt., you understand them.
  • Clarify what Pt., is saying or implying.
  • Reflection to pt., if pt., is uneasy or fearful of the environment.
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15
Q

List the specific risks of injury for the obese patient before, during, and after Surgery.

A

•Airway Obstruction
i. Extra tissue in the neck and around the trachea can make intubation difficult.

•Hemodynamic function
i. Altered movement of blood through the body & blood pressure.

•Venous stasis
i. Additional problem of the vascular system.
ii. Results in the edema of the lower extremities and high risk for DVT.
• Respiratory problems
i. Difficulty breathing. Extra effort needed to air through lungs.

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16
Q

Explain two different types of diabetes and how they can affect the outcome of the surgical patient.

A

•Type I

i. Insulin dependent.
ii. Pancreas produces little/no insulin.
iii. Get daily injections.

•Type II

i. Non-Insulin dependent.
ii. Erratic production of Insulin.
iii. Can be managed by diet.

•Complications č DM

i. Increased chance of infection.
ii. Circulation.
iii. Hypertension.
iv. Dehydration.
v. Electrolyte imbalance.
vi. Poor wound healing.
vii. Multiple organ system issues.

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17
Q

Explain the golden hour

A
  • 60 minutes after a severe injury.

* Max. Acceptable time between reaching trauma victim.

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18
Q

List some strategies for communicating with patients who understand limited English.

A
  • Tx pt., equally, by the HCP so they can understand legal rights, pt., condition, and pt., have participation in Tx.
  • Through three components are: attitudes, knowledge & skills.
  • Diversity training for cultural competence of health care.
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19
Q

According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, the most basic of human needs are

A

Physiological

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20
Q

Maslow’s hierarchy of human needs is depicted as a triangular hierarchy in which the critical needs to preserve life are at the base levels, and other needs that create the rest of the hierarchy are:

A

a. Emotional
b. Social
c. Spiritual fulfillment

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21
Q

A patient’s fear that he or she will not awaken from the anesthetic, or will feel pain while remaining paralyzed is called:

A

Anesthesia awareness

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22
Q

Fear of _____ during or after surgery is common among patients

A

Death

23
Q

Fear of——— is a normal protective mechanism.

A

Pain

24
Q

Patients undergoing radical or reconstructive surgery have realistic fears about:

A

Disfigurement

25
Q

When patients enter the health care system, they often feel a loss of personal rights and ____.

A

Control

26
Q

The fear of ————- of the body is quite strong in many patients, especially adolescents

A

Physical exposure

27
Q

—– are powerful needs.

A

Love and belonging

28
Q

Many patients are afraid that information about their health may not be held in confidence. This is a fear of:

A

Loss of privacy

29
Q

———- of acceptance, or being accepted, contribute to a healthy ego and the ability to pursue goals and objectives in life.

A

Feelings

30
Q

Maslow’s model includes ——– self-image because the perception we have of and set influences motivation and relationships, both social and personal.

A

Self-esteem

31
Q

.—-is not only dependent on appearance but also on people’s normal their family and community.

A

Self-image

32
Q

Birth

A

Birth to 18months

33
Q

Toddler

A

19 months - 3 Years

34
Q

Preschool

A

4 - 6 Years

35
Q

School age

A

7 - 12 Years

36
Q

Adolescent

A

13 - 16 Years

37
Q

(domains of Maslow’s hierarchy) Physiological Domains (a.k.a. Life functions)

A

i. Respiration
1. Act of breathing and taking in 02, w/o exchange of C02.

ii. Nutrition
1. Process for taking in food for energy, growth & repair.

iii. Transport
1. The body must be able to transport substances to tissues & cells via circulatory system.

38
Q

(domains of Maslow’s hierarchy) Security & Safety

A

i. Absence of perceived, real physical or psychological harm.

ii. Types of fears:
1. Anesthesia
a. Pt., fear they will Not awaken from anesthetic
b. They will feel pain while they remain paralysed (anesthesia awareness).

  1. Death
    a. Fear of death during or after Sx.
  2. Pain
    a. Fear of pain is normal protective mechanism.
  3. Disfigurement
    a. Fear after reconstructive Sx, leading to disfigurement.
  4. Loss of Control
    a. Loss of personal rights & control.
  5. Physical Exposure
    a. Being exposed, especially Adolescent’s.
  6. Loss of Privacy
    a. Information about their health may not be secured.
39
Q

(domains of Maslow’s hierarchy) Love

A

i. Love and belonging powerful needs.

ii. Determine well-being, č other acceptance.

40
Q

(domains of Maslow’s hierarchy) Self-esteem & Self-image

A

i. Our perception of ourselves influences motivation & relationships, both social & personal.
ii. Restrictions imposed by illness & recovery on patients ability to pursue self defining activities can cause anxiety

41
Q

(domains of Maslow’s hierarchy) Self Actualisation

A

Plan & achieve his/her life goals.

42
Q

What is the difference between cultural competence and diversity awareness.

A

i. Cultural competence is proactive.
1. Attitude
2. Skills
3. Knowledge

ii. Diversity awareness
1. Knowing the existence of other cultural groups.

43
Q

Therapeutic communication methods.

A

a. Active listening - Make eye contact (culture permitting) and listen attentively.
b. Providing information - Explain what’s occurring around them(Leave the Sx intricate details out).
c. Focusing - Stay on point.
d. Paraphrasing & restatement - Restating what the patient said, using your own words.
e. Clarifying - Understand what the pt., is saying.
f. Reflection - Pt’s comment on their surrounding to communicate fear or uneasiness.

44
Q

Why might the patient with the sensory deficit particularly anxious in Sx.

A

Overwhelming & confusing

45
Q

What is developmental disability

A

Large group of disease or condition that affect movement, posture, cognitive ability, behaviour, & other mental processes.

46
Q

Physiological

A

Life functions

47
Q

Psychological

A

Distinct discipline, which is related to mind

48
Q

Respiration

A

Act of breathing and taking IN 02, w/o exchange of C02

49
Q

Transport

A
  • Transport substances to the tissues & cells.
  • Lack of transportation:
    • Ischemic Disease: Vessels cant carry 02 = tissue necrosis.
    • Diabetes (lack of Insulin) = Metabolic Disturbances.
50
Q

Excretion

A
  • Buildup of metabolic waste = severe toxicity.
  • Kidney Disease; unable to remove waste = death.
  • Hypercapnia – C02 NOT excreted = life threating.
51
Q

Reproduction

A

-Species and cellular reproduction = need for tissue growth & repair.

52
Q

Growth

A
  • Normal growth and development.

- Repair of tissues that have been damaged, by trauma, Sx procedure.

53
Q

Repair

A
  • Occurs after illness & Trauma.

- Body immune system provides chemical process to start recovery.

54
Q

Movement

A

Able to react to harmful conditions.

ST (7 decks)

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