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Bio 20 > Chap 6 factrs > Flashcards

Chap 6 factrs Flashcards

Important statements

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Word formula for Photosynthesis

A

carbon dioxide + water + energy - glucose + oxygen

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2
Q

Formula for Photosynthesis

A

CO2 (g) + H2O (l) + energy - C6H12o6 + O2(g)

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3
Q

What does Chlorophyll do?

A

Absorobs photons from solar energy and begins the process of Photosynthesis

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4
Q

The reason why plants appear green?

A

Chlorophyll absorbs or traps visible light in the red and blue regions of the spectrum. It reflects light in the green range of the spectrum.

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5
Q

2 common chlorophyll

A

Chlorophyll A and Chlorophyll B

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6
Q

What is the purpose of Chlorophyll B?

A

Acts as an accessory pigment. It allows the plant to utilize other wavelengths of light.

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7
Q

What structure in the plant is able to photosynthesize?

A

in the chloroplasts

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8
Q

Generally, how much Grana does the Chloroplast have?

A

about 60 each consisting of 30-50 Thylakoids

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9
Q

Where does Photosynthesis occur?

A

In the Stroma and the Thylakoid membrane.

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10
Q

What are the energy containing molecules formed during photosynthesis?

A

ATP, NADPH, and Glucose

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11
Q

ATP statements.

A

-used by all living cells to provide immediate energy for cellular functions, such as the production of necessary chemicals, transport of materials across cell membrane, growth, and movement.

  • Formed by the addition of a phosphate group to a molecule of lower energy ADP
  • When ATP loses a phosphate group it forms ADP and releases energy. This energy is used for cellular process. Molecules of ATP are broken down and regenerated thousands of tines a day.
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12
Q

NADPH statements

A
  • Electron donor involved in energy transfers
  • compound that donates one hydrogen atoms and 2 electrons to another molecule to forn NADP+
    NADPH - NADP+ +H+ + 2 e
  • the gain and loss of elctrons from NADP+ and NADPH contributes to the process of photosynthesis in several steps
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13
Q

Stages of Light dependant Reactions

A

Stage 1: solar energy is captured and transferred to electrons.

Stage 2: Captured solar energy is used to make and transfer high-energy electrons to NADP+. This forms NADPH which is used as high-energy electron carrier molecule.

Stage 3: Energy stored in ATP and the high energy electrons carried by NADPH are used to form glucose from CO2.

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14
Q

Reactions in the 3rd stage results in?

A

Carbon fixation

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15
Q

STAGE 1 statements

A
  • Each photosytem is made up of pigment molecules including a dozen or more chlorophyll molecules as well as few cartenoid molecules.

-Molecule that accepts electrons is present in the Photosystem.

  • All of the pigment molecules in each photosystem can be absorb light energy of various wavelengths. They always pass the energy along to an electron accepting chlorophyll a molecule.
  • when the cholorophyll recieves the energy and electron in the molecule is excited meaning that is is raised to higher energy level. The electron is passes to another electron accepting molecule.
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16
Q

Electron Transport Chain statements

A
  • Before a photon of light strikes, the electron has a relatively low amount of energy. After absorbing this photon of light, the electron has a relatively high amount of energy and is “excited”. The Photon has been converted into chemical energy
  • Still in the thylakoid membrane, the excited electron is removed form the photosystem and passes from one molecule to another in a sequence of steps called the electron transport chain.

-Each time an electron is transferred, energy is released.

-the electron is transferred to progressively stronger and stronger electron acceptors.

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17
Q

Phtolysis statement

A
  • Electrons that leaves each photsystem to enter the electron transport chain must be replaced. The electrons that replace them come from water molecules in a process called photolysis.
  • In this process the solar energy absorbed by chlorophyll is used to split water into hydrogen ions and oxygen gas. The oxygen gas is relased into the environment.

2H20 - 4H+ + 4 e +02

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18
Q

Stage 2 statement

A

The solar energy captured by the pigments must now be used to form energy-rich molecules and to make ATP from ADP and Pi. As the electrons are passed from one compound to another down the electron transport chain, enery is graudally released in each step. Some of its energy is captured to make ATP.

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19
Q

How does the transfer of electrons release energy?

A

Electrons move from a high energy state to a lower energy state as they pass through the electron transport chain as they more they release energy

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20
Q

Key steps in electron transfer during light dependant reactions of photosynthesis are

A
  1. electrons from photosystem are transferred along an electron transport chain and across the thylakoid membrane to the inner surface.
  2. Some of their energy is used to pull h+ ions across the membrane resulting in buildup of positive change within the lumen.
  3. The electrons, having lost much of thier original energy. Are then transferred to chlrophyll molecules in the photosystem I complex, where they again absorb solar energy and reached an excited state.
  4. High- energy electrons from photosystem 1 are transferred to NADP+ to form NADPH.
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21
Q

Chesmosis factors

A
  • As h+ are contiouslly brougth across the membrane into the lamen ( interior of the thylakoid) their concentration increases and positive charge builds up.

-h+ ions moves form the lumen to the stroma through special protein channels in the thylakoid membrane. these channels are called ATP synthase complex. As these H+ ions rush through these complexes they release energy. The H+ ion now drives enzymes that convert ADP and Pi into ATP.

22
Q

Role of photosystem I

A

Solar energy is absorbed by photosystem I. This excites another electron. Once again. The excited electron is passed to a high energy electron acceptor. This elecron acceptor is NADP+

23
Q

What happens when NADPH loses an electron in the electron transport chain?

A

it becomes oxidized

24
Q

What happens when NADP+ gains an electron in the electron transport chain?

A

it becomes reduced.

25
Q

What is the final stage of Photosynthesis

A

carbon fixation

26
Q

what is the process of the Stroma?

A

Opening allows gas exchange Carbon dioxide enters and oxygen exits water vapour can enter so water loss must be regulated

27
Q

W hat is the process of the Guard Cells?

A

Regulate gas exchange of water vapor 7 oxygen and carbon dioxide through the stoma

28
Q

Stage 3 statements

A
  • carbon and oxygen atoms are supplied by CO2 and the H oatums an supplied by NADPH
  • Calvin cycle must be completed 6 times in order to synthesize One molecule of glucose Glucose - starch- storage
  • Building om glucose requires the energy from 18 ATP molecules and the E and H+ ions are carried by 12 NADPH molecules
29
Q

The principle inorganic source of carbon for inorganic compound is?

A

CO2

30
Q

Photosynthesis converts solar energy into?

A

Chemical energy

31
Q

In the process of photosynthesis water is a

A

Reactant

32
Q

The energy “TRAPPER” of a plant cell is the…

A

Chloroplasts

33
Q

In photosystem 1, chloroplasts use light to produce.

A

NADPH

34
Q

3 factors required for photosynthesis to occur

A

Light, water,carbondioxide

35
Q

How do you find the Rf value

A

Distance traveled by the compound divided by distance traveled by the solvent front

36
Q

The O2 released in photosynthesis Comes from

A

photolysis of water

37
Q

grana are found in the?

A

chloroplast

38
Q

What color light green plants absorb less well?

A

blue

39
Q

The light dependant reactions of photosynthesis are directly influenced by?

A

light intensity

40
Q

What product of photolysis is used in carbon dioxide fixation?

A

protons H+

41
Q

The product of light dependant stages of photosynthesis that can be used directly by heterotrophs is

A

Oxygen

42
Q

How does the process of carbon Fixation work in photosynthesis?

A

Co2 is captured then the formation of 3-PGA then converted iner high energy molecules leading to produce glucose

43
Q

The light independent rea tons of photosynthesis take place within the?

A

Stroma

44
Q

Photons with short wavelengths have what kind of energy?

A

High energy

45
Q

Photons with long wavelengths have what kind of energy?

A

low energy

46
Q

How is the electromagnetic spectrum formed?

A

when light from the sun is passed through a spectroscope, different wavelengths separates from one another according to their energies.

47
Q

What is the reason for the green pigment in plants?

A

chlorophyll absorbs or traps visible light in the red and blue regions of the spectrum. It reflects light in the green range of the spectrum.

48
Q

where does the light dapendant reaction occur?

A

thylakoid membrane inside the chloroplast

49
Q

where does the light indapendant reaction occur?

A

stroma of the chloroplast.

50
Q

Role of red light

A

helps regulate growth process and promotes stem elongation and flowering

51
Q

Role of Blue light

A

Abrosbed by chlorophyll which helps plants manage their shape and structure

Bio 20 (2 decks)

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