Chap 6 (Book)

Question 1

Arousal Def.

Answer 1

The mobilization or activation of energy that occurs in preparation or during actual behavior

Question 2

Three types of arousal

Answer 2

1. physiological arousal
2. psychological arousal
3. brain arousal

Question 3

Physiological Def.

Answer 3

bodily changes that correspond to our feelings of being energized, such as sweaty palms and increased muscle tension, breathing, and heart rate.

Question 4

Autonomic nervous system

Answer 4

• Controls physiological arousal
• two branches
  1. sympathetic nervous system
  2. parasympathetic nervous system

Question 5

Sympathetic nervous system

Answer 5

responsible for arousing or preparing the body for action

• stimulates heart to pump blood more effectively
• adrenaline and noradrenaline

Question 6

Parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 6

concerned with conserving the body’s energy

• active during quiet periods
• counteracts arousing effects of sympathetic system

Question 7

Brain arousal

Answer 7

the activation of the brain

Question 8

PET

Answer 8

Positron emission tomography

• 3D picture indicating areas of the brain that are most active
• measures positrons

Question 9

fMRI

Answer 9

functional magnetic resonance imaging
- high-resolution images of the brain from energy waves that are emitted from hydrogen atoms, which are released when the brain is surrounded by a strong magnetic field

Question 10

Physiological arousal def.

Answer 10

how subjectively aroused an individual feels

Question 11

Thayer’s two dimensions of arousal

Answer 11

1. Energetic arousal

2. Tense arousal

Question 12

Energetic arousal

Answer 12

a dimension characterized by a range of feelings from tiredness and sleepiness to alert and awake.
-high levels of energetic arousal are associated with positive effective tone and optimism

Question 13

Tense arousal

Answer 13

a dimension characterized by a range of feelings from calmness and stillness to tension and anxiety.
-high levels of tense arousal are associated with a negative effective tone.

Question 14

Thayer (1978) tense arousal study

Answer 14

• found that students rated themselves more jittery and fearful (high tense arousal) on the day of an exam compared to a typical class day (low tense arousal).
• taking brisk 10 min walk elevated energetic arousal compared to sitting restfully for similar amount of time.

Question 15

Stimuli: two functions

Answer 15

1. cue function: determines the type of response

2. arousing function: determines the intensity of the response

Question 16

Stimuli: background stimuli

Answer 16

not the focus of an individuals attention

-consist of the time of day, caffeine and the process of being evaluated

Question 17

Stimuli: Clements et al. (1976) study

Answer 17

• studied energetic arousal of college students throughout the day
• showed that energetic arousal followed an inverted U relationship with time of day
• highest levels of arousal at 12 pm - 2 pm