Chap 6 Flashcards
Attention
To deal with the impossibility of handling, all inputs at once, the nervous system has evolved mechanism are able to restrict processing to subset of things, places, ideas, or moments
Selective attention
When attention is restricted to a certain amount of possible stimuli
Divided attention
Attempting to focus on multiple tasks at the same time
Feature based attention
Focusing on a particular feature and a visual scene
Object based attention
When focusing on one part of an object facilitates processing for targets on another part of the same object
Reaction time
A measure of the time from the onset of stimulus to response
Cue
A stimulus site might indicate where or what a subsequent stimulus will be ( can be correct or incorrect)
Reaction time is shorter for valid cue trials
Reaction time is longer for invalid trials
Endogenous cue
Comes from within( top down)
Exogenous cue
Comes from environments(bottom up)
Spotlight model
Attention is restricted in space and moves from one point to the next areas within the spotlight receives extra processing
Zoom lens model
The attended vision can grow or shrink, depending on the size of the area to be processed
Guided search
A search in which attention can be restricted to a subset of possible items on the basis of information about the target items basic features
Visual search
Looking for a target in a displayed containing distracting elements
Set size
The number of items in a visual search display
How is visual search quantified
As the average reaction time as a function of set size
Measured in terms of search slope, the larger, the less efficient, the search
Automatic
Simple
Pop out
Parallel
Effortful
Conjunction of features
Serial -> exhaust / self terminating
Feature search
Search for a target defined by a single attribute, such as a salient, color or orientation
Parallel(visual attention)
Referring to the processing of multiple stimuli at the same time
Self terminating search
A search from item to item ending when a target is found
Conjunction
A search for target defined by the presence of two or more attributes
The binding problem
The challenge of trying different attributes of visual stimuli which are handled by different brain circuits to the appropriate objects, so we perceive a unified object
Illusory conjunction
Provide evidence of two features in a visual scene that provides evidence that some features are represented independently and must be correctly bound together with attention
Feature integration theory
Anne Treisman’s theory a visual attention which holds that a limited set of basic features can be processed in parallel Ive, but that other properties, including to the correct binding of features to objects require attention
