Chap 5: Structure and Properties of Materials Flashcards
What is the structure of ionic compounds?
Giant ionic lattice structure
What bonds are between giant ionic lattice structures?
Strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions
What is the MP/BP for giant ionic lattice structures?
High as large amount of energy need to overcome strong FOA
What is the solubility of giant ionic lattice structures?
Soluble in water, insoluble in organic solvents
Electrical conductivity of giant ionic lattice structures?
Are electrical conductors only in molten or aqueous states.
(As it has charged particles and ions are free to move to conduct electricty)
Hardness of giant ionic lattice structures?
Hard due to strong FOA
What are the 3 types of structures in covalent bonding?
- Simple moleculer/covalent structure
- Giant covalent structures
- Macromolecules
What are the bonds between simple molecular structures?
Weak intermolecular forces of attraction between molecules
MP/BP of simple molecular structures?
Low as small amount of energy is needed to overcome IMFOA
Does molecular size affect MP/BP?
Yes as bigger the molecular size, the more IMFOA, causing a higher MP/BP
What is the solubility of all the structures under covalent bonding?
Insoluble in water, soluble in organic solvents
Electrical conductivity of simple molecular structures?
None as there are no charged particles, regardless of state
Bonding between giant covalent structures?
Strong covalent bonds between atoms/particles
MP/BP of giant covalent structures?
High as large amount of energy needed to overcome strong covalent bonds
Electrical conductivity of giant covalent structures?
None except for graphite
Describe unique characteristics of diamond/silicone dioxide
- It is hard due to tetrahedral structure
- It is an electrical insulator
Describe unique characteristics of graphite
- Soft due to its hexagonal structure (weak van der Waal’s FOA)
- the IMFOA are weaker than covalent bonds, hence it is used as an lubricant
- It is an electrical conductor
Structure of macromolecules?
In a long chain, differs in hardness and flexibility
MP/BP of macromolecules?
- lesser than giant covalent structures, higher than simple molecular structures
- not fixed
[larger the macromolecule, higher the MP/BP]
Electrical conductivity of macromolecules?
None as there are no charged/mobile ions
Structure of metal compounds?
Giant metallic lattice structure
Bonding between metal compounds?
electrostatic forces of attraction between positive metal ions and sea of delocalised electrons
2 different types of metal compounds?
Metals & alloys
MP/BP of metals?
High due to strong metallic bonds
Solubility of metals?
insoluble in water and organic solvents
Electrical conductivity of metals?
good electrical conductivity in all states due to mobile delocalised electrons
Hardness of metals?
malleable and ductile
- shaped by applying pressure and stretching without breaking
- due to ions being able to slide past one another
What are alloys?
micutre of metals with one or more other element (metal of non metal)
MP/BP of alloys?
varies as it is a mixture
solubility of alloys
insoluble in water and organic solvents
electrical conductivity of alloys?
good in all states due to mobile delocalised electrons
hardness of alloys?
hard due to its irregular structure, so ions cannot slide past one another (non-malleable)
copper and tin form?
bronze
iron and carbon form?
steel
