Chap 3: Atomic Structure Flashcards
What are the 3 sub-atomic particles?
Proton, Neutron, Electron
Describe the properties of protons
- relative charge of +1
- relative mass of 1
- located inside the nucleus
Describe the properties of neutrons
- relative mass of 1
- relative charge of 0
- located inside the nucleus
Describe the properties of electrons
- relative mass of 1/1840
- relative charge of -1
- located on electron shells
number of protons equal?
of protons = # of electrons
What is an ion?
Particle formed when atom gains or loses electrons
- protons & neutrons remain the same
- represented using charge numbers
How to calculate number of neutrons from nucleon and atomic number?
Nucleon - atomic number
(A-Z)
What is nucleon number?
Number of protons and neutrons
What does positive charge mean for an ion?
cation - lost electrons
(usually metals)
What does negative charge mean for an ion?
anion - gain electrons
(usually non-metals)
What is duplet/octet?
duplet - 2 electrons on valence shell
octet - 8 electrons on valence shell
What is a noble gas?
An element was duplet or octet
Name the name change of the following ions:
- oxygen
- fluorine
- sulfur
- chlorine
- nitrogen
- oxide ion
- fluoride ion
- sulfide ion
- chloride ion
- nitride ion
What is an isotope?
Atoms with same elements and same protons, but different number of neutrons
Nuclide notation format?
- top number is the nucleon number
- bottom number is the atomic number
What is Ar and Mr?
Ar - relative atomic mass
Mr - relative molecular mass
How to calculate Ar of different isotopes?
(P x I)(P x I)
Where P is the percentage and I is the isotope
Properties of electron shells near the nucleus
Lowest amount of energy
(highest energy in outermost shell - valence shell)
Maximum number of electrons for each shell? 1-4
1 - 2 max
2 - 8 max
3 - 8 max (first 20 elements) or 18 max
4 - 32 max
What does the row/period tell us about the electronic configuration of an element?
number of electron shells
What does the group tell us about the electronic configuration of an element?
number of valence electrons with the exception of the first 20 elements
How to know when substances have similar chemical properties?
By the number of valence electrons
Or by the groups in the periodic table
