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Medical TERM midterm > chap 5 > Flashcards

chap 5 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

aneurysm

A

localized dilation of the wall of a blood vessel (usually artery) d/t a congenital defect/weakness in the vessel wall

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2
Q

angina pectoris

A

mild to severe pain or pressure in the chest caused by ischemia; ANGINA

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3
Q

arrhythmia

A

irregularity or loss of rhythm of the heartbeat; DYSRHYTHMIA

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4
Q

fibrillation

A

irregular, random contraction of heart fibers

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5
Q

arteriosclerosis

A

HARDENING OF THE ARTERIES

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6
Q

atherosclerosis

A

(most common form of arterisclerosis) caused by accumulation of fatty substances within the arterial walls= partial and eventually total occlusion

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7
Q

bruit

A

soft blowing sound (heard on auscultation) from turbulent blood flow

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8
Q

coronary artery disease (CAD)

A

abnormal condition affecting heart’s arteries, that produces various pathological effects like reduced flow of oxygen and nutrients to myocardium

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9
Q

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

A

formation of a blood clot in a deep vein of the body (commonly in the iliac and femoral veins)

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10
Q

embolus

A

mass of undissolved matter–commonly a blood clot, fatty plaque, or air bubble00that travels through the bloodstream and becomes lodged in a blood vessel

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11
Q

Heart block

A

interference w/ normal conduction of electrical impulses that control activity of the heart muscle

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12
Q

First-degree

A

atrioventricular (AV) block in which the atrial electrical impulses are delayed by a fraction of a second before being conducted ventricles

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13
Q

Second-degree

A

AV block in which occasional electrical impulses from the SA node fail to be conducted to the ventricles

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14
Q

Third-degree

A

AV block in which electrical impulses from the atria fail to reach the ventricles; COMPLETE HEART BLOCK (CHB)

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15
Q

heart failure (HF)

A

condition in which the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the metabolic requirement of body tissues; congestive heart failure (CHF)

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16
Q

hypertension

A

consistently elevated blood pressure that is higher that 119/79mm HG, causing damage to the blood vessels and ultimately the heart

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17
Q

ischemia

A

inadequate supply of oxygenated blood to a body part d/t an interruption of blood flow

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18
Q

Mitral valve prolapse (MVP)

A

condition in which the lealets of the miral valve prolapse into the left atrium during systole, resulting in incomplete closure and backflow of blood

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19
Q

murmur

A

abnormal sound heard on auscultation, caused by defects in the valves or chambers of the heart

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20
Q

myocardial infarction (MI)

A

necrosis of a portion of cardiac muscle caued by partial or complete occlusion of one or more coronary arteries; HEART ATTACK

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21
Q

patent ductus arteriosus

A

failure of the ductus arterioles to close after birth, resulting in an abnormal opening between the pulmonary artery and the aorta

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22
Q

Raynaud phenomenon

A

numbness in fingers or toes d/t intermittent constriction of arterioles in the skin

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23
Q

rheumatic heart disease

A

streptococcal infection that caused damage to the heart valves and heart muscle, most commonly in children and young adults

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24
Q

stroke

A

damage to part of the brain d/t interruption of its blood supple; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT (CVA)

25
Q

thrombus

A

aggregation of platelets, fibrin, clotting factors; BLOOD CLOT

26
Q

transient ischemic attack (TIA)

A

temporary interference in blood supply to the brain, w/o permanent brain damage

27
Q

varicose veins

A

swollen superficial veins that are visible through the skin

28
Q

acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)

A

deficiency of cellular immunity induced by infection w/ HIV, characterized by increasing susceptibility to infections, malignancies, and neurological diseases

29
Q

Hodgkin Disease

A

malignant disease w/ progressive enlargement of lymphoid tissue, splenomegaly, and presence of unique Reed-Sternberg cells in the lymph nodes

30
Q

Kaposi Sarcoma

A

malignancy of connective tissue, including bone, fat , muscle, and fibrous tissue

31
Q

lymphadenitis

A

inflammation and enlargement of the lymph nodes, result of infection

32
Q

mononucleosis

A

acute infection caused by the Epstein0Barr virus (EBV) and characterized by a sore throat, fever, fatigue, and enlarged lymph nodes

33
Q

non-Hodgkin lymphoma

A

any of a heterogeneous group of malignant tumors involving lymphoid tissue ; LYMPHOSARCOMA

34
Q

Cardiac Catheterization

A

insertion of a catheter into the heart through a vein or artery, to provide evaluation of the heart

35
Q

cardiac enzyme studies

A

battery of blood tests performed to determine the presence of cardiac damage

36
Q

echocardiography

A

ultrasound to evaluate the heart and great vessels and diagnose cardiovascular lesions

37
Q

electrocardiography (ECG)

A

creation and study of graphic records by electric activity generated by the heart muscle; CARDIOGRAPHY

38
Q

Holter monitor

A

monitoring device worn by a patient that records prolonged electrocardiograph readings on a portable tape recorded while the patient conducts normal daily activities

39
Q

stress test

A

ECG taken under controlled exercise stress conditions while measuring the amount of oxygen consumption

40
Q

nuclear

A

ECG that utilizes a radioisotope to evaluate coronary blood flow

41
Q

troponin I

A

Blood test that measures protein released into the blood by damaged heart muscle

42
Q

Ultrasonography (US)

A

imaging technique that records high frequency sound waves to produce an image of an internal organ or tissue

43
Q

bone marrow aspiration biopsy

A

removal of living bone marrow tissue, for microscopic examination

44
Q

ELISA

A

blood test used to creen for an antibody to the AIDS virus

45
Q

lymphangiography

A

radiographic examination of lymph glands and lymphatic vessels

46
Q

tissue typing

A

used to determine histocompatibility of tissues used in grafts and transplants; HISTOCOMPATIBILITY TESTING

47
Q

angioplasty

A

any endovascular prodcedue that reopens narrowed blood vessels and restores forward blood flow, usually using balloon dilation

48
Q

coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)

A

a surgeon removes one or more of a patient’s peripheral veins and then sutures each end of the vein onto the coronary artery to rout blood flow around a blockage in a coronary artery, thus increasing blood flow to the heart

49
Q

cardioversion

A

delivery of brieft discharges of electriity that pass across the chest to stop a cardiac arrhythmia and restore normal sinus rhythm; DEFIBRILLATION

50
Q

defibrillator

A

device designed to administer electric shock to restore normal sinus rhythm

51
Q

Automatic implantable Cardioverte-Defibrillator (AICD)

A

surgically implanted defibrillator that automatically detects and corrects potentially fatal arrhythmias, such as ventricular fibrillations

52
Q

Automatic external defibrillator (AED)

A

Portable computerized defibrillator that analyzes the patient’s heart rhythm and delivers an electrical shock to stimulate a heart in cardiac arrest

53
Q

endartherectomy

A

surgical removal of the lining of an artery

54
Q

carotid endarterectomy

A

surgical removal of plaque and thromboses from an occluded carotid artery

55
Q

sclerotherapy

A

chemical injection into a varicose vein that causes inflammation and formation of fibrous tissue, which closes the vein

56
Q

valvuloplasty

A

plastic or restorative surgery on a valve, especially a cardiac valve

57
Q

lymphangiectomy

A

removal of a lymph vessel

58
Q

statins

A

drugs that reduce cholesterol levels by decreasing low-density lipoproteins and triglycerides, and slightly increasing levels of high-density lipoproteins

59
Q

thrombolytic therapy

A

administration of drugs to dissolve a blood clot

Medical TERM midterm (4 decks)

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