chap 5 Flashcards
aneurysm
localized dilation of the wall of a blood vessel (usually artery) d/t a congenital defect/weakness in the vessel wall
angina pectoris
mild to severe pain or pressure in the chest caused by ischemia; ANGINA
arrhythmia
irregularity or loss of rhythm of the heartbeat; DYSRHYTHMIA
fibrillation
irregular, random contraction of heart fibers
arteriosclerosis
HARDENING OF THE ARTERIES
atherosclerosis
(most common form of arterisclerosis) caused by accumulation of fatty substances within the arterial walls= partial and eventually total occlusion
bruit
soft blowing sound (heard on auscultation) from turbulent blood flow
coronary artery disease (CAD)
abnormal condition affecting heart’s arteries, that produces various pathological effects like reduced flow of oxygen and nutrients to myocardium
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
formation of a blood clot in a deep vein of the body (commonly in the iliac and femoral veins)
embolus
mass of undissolved matter–commonly a blood clot, fatty plaque, or air bubble00that travels through the bloodstream and becomes lodged in a blood vessel
Heart block
interference w/ normal conduction of electrical impulses that control activity of the heart muscle
First-degree
atrioventricular (AV) block in which the atrial electrical impulses are delayed by a fraction of a second before being conducted ventricles
Second-degree
AV block in which occasional electrical impulses from the SA node fail to be conducted to the ventricles
Third-degree
AV block in which electrical impulses from the atria fail to reach the ventricles; COMPLETE HEART BLOCK (CHB)
heart failure (HF)
condition in which the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the metabolic requirement of body tissues; congestive heart failure (CHF)
hypertension
consistently elevated blood pressure that is higher that 119/79mm HG, causing damage to the blood vessels and ultimately the heart
ischemia
inadequate supply of oxygenated blood to a body part d/t an interruption of blood flow
Mitral valve prolapse (MVP)
condition in which the lealets of the miral valve prolapse into the left atrium during systole, resulting in incomplete closure and backflow of blood
murmur
abnormal sound heard on auscultation, caused by defects in the valves or chambers of the heart
myocardial infarction (MI)
necrosis of a portion of cardiac muscle caued by partial or complete occlusion of one or more coronary arteries; HEART ATTACK
patent ductus arteriosus
failure of the ductus arterioles to close after birth, resulting in an abnormal opening between the pulmonary artery and the aorta
Raynaud phenomenon
numbness in fingers or toes d/t intermittent constriction of arterioles in the skin
rheumatic heart disease
streptococcal infection that caused damage to the heart valves and heart muscle, most commonly in children and young adults
stroke
damage to part of the brain d/t interruption of its blood supple; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT (CVA)
thrombus
aggregation of platelets, fibrin, clotting factors; BLOOD CLOT
transient ischemic attack (TIA)
temporary interference in blood supply to the brain, w/o permanent brain damage
varicose veins
swollen superficial veins that are visible through the skin
acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)
deficiency of cellular immunity induced by infection w/ HIV, characterized by increasing susceptibility to infections, malignancies, and neurological diseases
Hodgkin Disease
malignant disease w/ progressive enlargement of lymphoid tissue, splenomegaly, and presence of unique Reed-Sternberg cells in the lymph nodes
Kaposi Sarcoma
malignancy of connective tissue, including bone, fat , muscle, and fibrous tissue
lymphadenitis
inflammation and enlargement of the lymph nodes, result of infection
mononucleosis
acute infection caused by the Epstein0Barr virus (EBV) and characterized by a sore throat, fever, fatigue, and enlarged lymph nodes
non-Hodgkin lymphoma
any of a heterogeneous group of malignant tumors involving lymphoid tissue ; LYMPHOSARCOMA
Cardiac Catheterization
insertion of a catheter into the heart through a vein or artery, to provide evaluation of the heart
cardiac enzyme studies
battery of blood tests performed to determine the presence of cardiac damage
echocardiography
ultrasound to evaluate the heart and great vessels and diagnose cardiovascular lesions
electrocardiography (ECG)
creation and study of graphic records by electric activity generated by the heart muscle; CARDIOGRAPHY
Holter monitor
monitoring device worn by a patient that records prolonged electrocardiograph readings on a portable tape recorded while the patient conducts normal daily activities
stress test
ECG taken under controlled exercise stress conditions while measuring the amount of oxygen consumption
nuclear
ECG that utilizes a radioisotope to evaluate coronary blood flow
troponin I
Blood test that measures protein released into the blood by damaged heart muscle
Ultrasonography (US)
imaging technique that records high frequency sound waves to produce an image of an internal organ or tissue
bone marrow aspiration biopsy
removal of living bone marrow tissue, for microscopic examination
ELISA
blood test used to creen for an antibody to the AIDS virus
lymphangiography
radiographic examination of lymph glands and lymphatic vessels
tissue typing
used to determine histocompatibility of tissues used in grafts and transplants; HISTOCOMPATIBILITY TESTING
angioplasty
any endovascular prodcedue that reopens narrowed blood vessels and restores forward blood flow, usually using balloon dilation
coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
a surgeon removes one or more of a patient’s peripheral veins and then sutures each end of the vein onto the coronary artery to rout blood flow around a blockage in a coronary artery, thus increasing blood flow to the heart
cardioversion
delivery of brieft discharges of electriity that pass across the chest to stop a cardiac arrhythmia and restore normal sinus rhythm; DEFIBRILLATION
defibrillator
device designed to administer electric shock to restore normal sinus rhythm
Automatic implantable Cardioverte-Defibrillator (AICD)
surgically implanted defibrillator that automatically detects and corrects potentially fatal arrhythmias, such as ventricular fibrillations
Automatic external defibrillator (AED)
Portable computerized defibrillator that analyzes the patient’s heart rhythm and delivers an electrical shock to stimulate a heart in cardiac arrest
endartherectomy
surgical removal of the lining of an artery
carotid endarterectomy
surgical removal of plaque and thromboses from an occluded carotid artery
sclerotherapy
chemical injection into a varicose vein that causes inflammation and formation of fibrous tissue, which closes the vein
valvuloplasty
plastic or restorative surgery on a valve, especially a cardiac valve
lymphangiectomy
removal of a lymph vessel
statins
drugs that reduce cholesterol levels by decreasing low-density lipoproteins and triglycerides, and slightly increasing levels of high-density lipoproteins
thrombolytic therapy
administration of drugs to dissolve a blood clot
