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Medical TERM midterm > chap 4 > Flashcards

chap 4 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

crackles

A

fine cracking or bubblings sounds during inspiration when there is fluid in the alveoli; RALES

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2
Q

friction rub

A

dry, grating sound heard w/ a stethoscope during ausculation

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3
Q

rhonchi

A

loud/coarse/snoring sounds (during inspiration or expiration) caused by obstructed airways

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4
Q

stridor

A

high-pitched sound made on inspiration d/t obstruction in the trachea or larynx

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5
Q

wheezes

A

continuous high-pitched whistling sounds (during expiration), from narrowing of an airway

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6
Q

acidosis

A

excessive acidity of blood d/t a accumulation of acids or an excessive loss of bicarbonate

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7
Q

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrom (ARDS)

A

Respiratory isufficiency marked by progressive hypoxia

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8
Q

anoxia

A

total absence of exygen in body tissues

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9
Q

atelectasis

A

collapse of lung tissue, preventing respiratory exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide

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10
Q

consolidation

A

process of becoming solid, especially in connection with the lungs

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11
Q

coryza

A

acute inflammation and nasal discarge; COLD

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12
Q

croup

A

acute respiratory syndrome that occurs primarily in children and infants w/ laryngeal obstruction and spasm, barking cough, and stridor

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13
Q

cystic fibrosis (CF)

A

genetic disease of exocrine glands (w/ thick mucus that do not drain normally) causing obstruction of passageways

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14
Q

empyema

A

pus in a body cavity, especially in the pleural cavity

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15
Q

epiglottitis

A

life-threatening infection of the epiglottis that occurs most commonly in children between ages 2-12

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16
Q

epistaxis

A

hemorrhage from the nose; NOSEBLEED

17
Q

hypoxemia

A

deficiency of oxygen in the blood, usually a sign of respiratory impairment

18
Q

hypoxia

A

deficiency of oxygen in body tissues, usually a sign of respiratory impairment

19
Q

influenza

A

acute, contagious respirator infection characterized by sudden onset of fever, chills, headache, and muscle pain

20
Q

lung cancer

A

pulmonary malignancy commonly attributable to cigarette smoking

21
Q

pertussis

A

acute infectious disease refered to as WHOOPING COUGH

22
Q

pleural effusion

A

abnormal presence of fluid in the pleural cavity

23
Q

pneumothorax

A

collection of air in the pleural cavity, causig the complete or partial collapse of a lung

24
Q

Sudden Infant Death Sydndroms (SIDS)

A

completely unexpected and unexplained death of an apparently well or virtually well infant; CRIB DEATH

25
Q

aterial blood gas (ABG)

A

measurement of oxygen ad carbon dioxide content of arterial blood by various methods

26
Q

bronchoscopy

A

visual examination of the interior bronchi using a bronchoscope, a flexible fiberoptic instument w/ a light, which can be inserted through the nose or mouth

27
Q

chest x-ray

A

radiograph of the chest taken from the anteroposterior (AP) , posteroanterior (PA), or lateral projections

28
Q

computed tomography (CT)

A

radiographic technique that uses a narrow beam of x-rays that rotates in a full arc around the patient to acquire multiple views of the body that a computer interprets to produce cross-sectional images of that body part

29
Q

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

A

radiographic technique that uses electromagnetic energy to produce multiplanar cross-sectional images of the body

30
Q

Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs)

A

variety of tests to determine the capcity of the lungs to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide efficiently

31
Q

Forced Vital Capacity (FVC)

A

Measurment of the amount of air that can be forecefully exhaled from the lungs after the deepest inhalation

32
Q

Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (FEV1)

A

Measurement of the volume of air that can be forcefully exhaled during the first second of measuring the FVC

33
Q

Spirometry

A

Measurement of FVC and FEV1, producing a tracing on a graph

34
Q

Postural drainage

A

use of body positioning to assist in removal of secretions from specific lobes of the lung, bronchi, or lung cavities

35
Q

Bronchodilators

A

drugs used to increase airflow by dilating constricted airways through relaxation of the smooth muscles that surround the bronchioles and bronchi

36
Q

corticosteroids

A

hormonal agents that recuce tissue edema and inflammation associated w/ chronic lung disease

37
Q

Nebulized Mist Treatment (NMT)

A

Therapy that uses a device to produce a fine spray that delivers medication directly into the lungs

Medical TERM midterm (4 decks)

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