chap 4 Flashcards
crackles
fine cracking or bubblings sounds during inspiration when there is fluid in the alveoli; RALES
friction rub
dry, grating sound heard w/ a stethoscope during ausculation
rhonchi
loud/coarse/snoring sounds (during inspiration or expiration) caused by obstructed airways
stridor
high-pitched sound made on inspiration d/t obstruction in the trachea or larynx
wheezes
continuous high-pitched whistling sounds (during expiration), from narrowing of an airway
acidosis
excessive acidity of blood d/t a accumulation of acids or an excessive loss of bicarbonate
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrom (ARDS)
Respiratory isufficiency marked by progressive hypoxia
anoxia
total absence of exygen in body tissues
atelectasis
collapse of lung tissue, preventing respiratory exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
consolidation
process of becoming solid, especially in connection with the lungs
coryza
acute inflammation and nasal discarge; COLD
croup
acute respiratory syndrome that occurs primarily in children and infants w/ laryngeal obstruction and spasm, barking cough, and stridor
cystic fibrosis (CF)
genetic disease of exocrine glands (w/ thick mucus that do not drain normally) causing obstruction of passageways
empyema
pus in a body cavity, especially in the pleural cavity
epiglottitis
life-threatening infection of the epiglottis that occurs most commonly in children between ages 2-12
epistaxis
hemorrhage from the nose; NOSEBLEED
hypoxemia
deficiency of oxygen in the blood, usually a sign of respiratory impairment
hypoxia
deficiency of oxygen in body tissues, usually a sign of respiratory impairment
influenza
acute, contagious respirator infection characterized by sudden onset of fever, chills, headache, and muscle pain
lung cancer
pulmonary malignancy commonly attributable to cigarette smoking
pertussis
acute infectious disease refered to as WHOOPING COUGH
pleural effusion
abnormal presence of fluid in the pleural cavity
pneumothorax
collection of air in the pleural cavity, causig the complete or partial collapse of a lung
Sudden Infant Death Sydndroms (SIDS)
completely unexpected and unexplained death of an apparently well or virtually well infant; CRIB DEATH
aterial blood gas (ABG)
measurement of oxygen ad carbon dioxide content of arterial blood by various methods
bronchoscopy
visual examination of the interior bronchi using a bronchoscope, a flexible fiberoptic instument w/ a light, which can be inserted through the nose or mouth
chest x-ray
radiograph of the chest taken from the anteroposterior (AP) , posteroanterior (PA), or lateral projections
computed tomography (CT)
radiographic technique that uses a narrow beam of x-rays that rotates in a full arc around the patient to acquire multiple views of the body that a computer interprets to produce cross-sectional images of that body part
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
radiographic technique that uses electromagnetic energy to produce multiplanar cross-sectional images of the body
Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs)
variety of tests to determine the capcity of the lungs to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide efficiently
Forced Vital Capacity (FVC)
Measurment of the amount of air that can be forecefully exhaled from the lungs after the deepest inhalation
Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (FEV1)
Measurement of the volume of air that can be forcefully exhaled during the first second of measuring the FVC
Spirometry
Measurement of FVC and FEV1, producing a tracing on a graph
Postural drainage
use of body positioning to assist in removal of secretions from specific lobes of the lung, bronchi, or lung cavities
Bronchodilators
drugs used to increase airflow by dilating constricted airways through relaxation of the smooth muscles that surround the bronchioles and bronchi
corticosteroids
hormonal agents that recuce tissue edema and inflammation associated w/ chronic lung disease
Nebulized Mist Treatment (NMT)
Therapy that uses a device to produce a fine spray that delivers medication directly into the lungs
