chap 5 Flashcards
What is the term for the AMOUNT of motion that occurs when one segment of the body moves in relation to an adjacent segment?
ROM
What is the term for physiological motion of one segment of the body relative to another segment? (The actual motion, not the amount of motion)
Osteokinematic Movement
What is “Accessory Motion?”
What terms may be used to describe this type of motion?
Motions that occur in the joint.
Terms:
Roll
Glide
Slide
a specific combination of motion loss that typically include restrictions in multiple directions. This type of motion loss may be caused by effusion, fibrosis or inflammation of the joint capsule.
A capsular pattern of restriction
What are Noncapsular Patterns of Restriction?
A combination of motion loss that does not follow a capsular pattern. This type of motion loss may be caused by adhesions, internal derangement or extraarticular lesions
List 9 Pathologies which could cause motion restrictions:
- Contracture
- Edema
- Adhesions
- Mechanical block
- Spinal disc herniation
- Adverse neural tension
- Weakness
- Pain
- Muscle tone
What is the term for fixed shortening of soft tissue structures that restricts passive and active motion and can cause permanent deformity?
Contracture
What are two types of edema?
Intraarticular edema
Extraarticular edema
What is the term for excessive fluid within a jt capsule which restricts both passive and active range of motion?
Provide an example
Intraarticular edema
Ex: edema in the knee will have limited knee flexion and extension, with flexion being most affected.
What is the term for excessive fluid outside of a jt which restricts motion in a noncapsular pattern?
Provide one example
Extraarticular Edema
Ex: edema in the calf may restrict knee flexion ROM but have no effects on knee extension ROM
What is the term for scar tissue which binds together normally separate anatomical structures? (The abnormal joining of parts to each other.)
Adhesions
What is the term for abnormal responses produced by PNS structures when their ROM and stretch capabilities are tested?
Adverse Neural Tension
What is the term for muscle weakness resulting from contractile tissue changes such as atrophy or injury, poor transmission to or along the motor nerves, or poor synaptic transmission at the neuromuscular junction?
Weakness
What 2 devices are used to obtain QUANTITATIVE measurement of motion restriction?
Goniometers
Tape Measures
List 3 types of assessments used to determine QUALITATIVE Measures of motion restriction?
- Soft tissue palpation
- Accessory Motion Testing
- End Feels
What is the term for assessing the motion that occurs between jt surfaces during normal physiological motion? It is also called joint play.
Accessory motion testing
What is the term for the QUALITY of resistance at the limit of passive motion, as felt by the clinician.
End Feels
What are 3 types of assessments used to determine a patient’s ability to move a joint(s)?
AROM
Resisted Muscle Testing-
PROM
What type of motion assessment is performed by asking the pt to move the desired segment to its limit in a given direction?
This type of test may yields info about the subject’s ability and willingness to move functionally and is generally most useful for evaluating the integrity of contractile structures.
AROM
What type of motion assessment is performed by having the pt contract their muscle against a resistance strong enough to prevent movement?
This kind of assessment provides info about the muscles’ ability to produce force and may help to determine whether contractile or noncontractile tissues are the source of a motion restriction.
Resisted Muscle Testing
What type of motion assessment involves the tester moving the pt’s segment to its limit in a given direction, without assistance from the patient?
PROM
What is Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation?
Active muscle contraction followed by muscle relaxation in conjunction with passive stretch.
What is the term for active, quick, short-amplitude movements at the end of the pt’s available ROM?
Ballistic
How can joint movement affect contractures?
It can inhibit contracture formation by physically disrupting the adhesion between gross structures and/or by limiting intermolecular cross-linking. Active and passive motion also stretches tissues, promotes their lubrication and may also alter their metabolic activity.
Under what conditions might surgery be necessary to increase ROM?
When the motion is restricted by a mechanical block, particularly if the mechanical block is bony.
What can Physical Agents do to aid in the treatment of motion restrictions?
- Increase soft tissue extensibility
- Control Inflammation and adhesion formation
- Control Pain during Stretching
What modalities can be used prior to stretching to increase the effectiveness of the treatment as well as to increase soft tissue extensibility?
US (ultrasound)
Diathermy
MHP
What benefits do Cryotherapy & Electrical Stimulation have?
Control Inflammation
and
Adhesion Formation
What benefits does electrical stimulation have?
Reduce inflammation Decrease pain Decrease duration and extent of the proliferative response, thus limiting adhesion formation during tissue healing. Muscle Strengthening Muscle Re-education Break the pain-spasm-pain cycle
What modalities can help Facilitate motion?
Electrical stimulation
&
Hydrotherapy
Contraindications for
Passive and Active ROM
- Dislocation or unhealed fracture.
- Immediately after surgical procedures to tendons,
ligaments, muscle, jt capsule, or skin.
Identify the difference between active and passive motion.
Active range of motion is the movement produced by contraction of the muscles crossing a jt.
Passive range of motion is movement produced entirely by an external force without voluntary muscle contraction by the subject.
Types of stretching
Passive
PNF (proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation)
Ballistic
Precautions for
Passive and Active ROM
- Infection or inflammation around the joint.
- Taking analgesic medication that may cloud perception of pain.
- Osteoporosis or any condition that causes bone fragility.
- Hypermobile joints or joints prone to subluxation.
- Painful conditions where the techniques might reinforce the
severity of the symptoms. - Hemophilia.
- In the region of the hematoma.
- Bony Ankylosis (fusion of bones of a joint)
- Immediately after an injury where there has been a disruption
of soft tissue. - Myositis Ossificans.
limb help passively in apposition in which the subject fells a mild stretch
Passive
