Chap 4--Sleep, Dreaming, Circadian Rhythm 4.1-2

Question 1

Consciousness

Answer 1

Feelings, thoughts, and aroused states in which we are aware

Question 2

Microsleep

Answer 2

A brief episode of sleep that occurs in the midst of a wakeful activity

Question 3

Circadian Rhythm

Answer 3

Changes in bodily processes that occur repeatedly on approximately a 24-25 hour cycle

Question 4

Suprachiasmatic Nucleus

Answer 4

A group of brain cells located in the hypothalamus that signal other brain areas when to be aroused and when to shut down

Question 5

Meletonin

Answer 5

A hormone that facilitates sleep

Question 6

Non-REM Sleep

Answer 6

The relaxing state of sleep in which the person’s eyes do not move

Question 7

REM Sleep

Answer 7

The active state of sleep in which the person’s eyes move

Question 8

REM Behavior Disorder

Answer 8

A condition in which normal muscle paralysis does not occur, leading to violent movements during REM sleep

Question 9

REM Rebound

Answer 9

The loss of REM sleep is recouped by spending more time in REM sleep on subsequent nights

Question 10

Manifest Content

Answer 10

According to Freud, what the dreamer recalls upon waking

Question 11

Latent Content

Answer 11

According to Freud, the symbolic meaning of dreams

Question 12

Threat Simulation Theory (TST)

Answer 12

Suggests that dreaming is an ancient biological defense mechanism that allows us to repeatedly simulate potentially threatening situations so that we can rehearse our responses to these events

Question 13

Activation-Synthesis Theory

Answer 13

Suggests that dreams do not have symbolic meaning but are the by-products of the brain’s random firing of neural impulses during REM sleep

Question 14

Sleep Disorder

Answer 14

A disturbance in the normal pattern of sleeping

Question 15

Insomnia

Answer 15

A sleep disorder in which a person cannot get to sleep and/or stay asleep

Question 16

Narcolepsy

Answer 16

A rare sleep disorder in which a person falls asleep during alert times of the day

Question 17

Sleep Apnea

Answer 17

A sleep disorder in which a person stops breathing during sleep

Question 18

Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS)

Answer 18

A neurological movement disorder occurring primarily at night in which a person has unpleasant sensations in the legs and an irresistible urge to move them to relieve the pain

Question 19

Sleepwalking

Answer 19

A sleep disorder in which a person is mobile and may perform actions during non-REM slow-wave sleep

Question 20

Night Terrors

Answer 20

Very frightening non-REM sleep episodes that are not typically remembered

Question 21

Nightmare

Answer 21

A brief scary REM dream that is often remembered

Question 22

Enuresis

Answer 22

A condition in which a person over the age of 5 shows an inability to control urination during sleep

Question 23

Hypnosis

Answer 23

A state of heightened suggestibility

Question 24

Neodissociation

Answer 24

Hilgard’s proposal that hypnosis involves two simultaneous states: a hypnotic state and a hidden observer

Question 25

Response Set Theory of Hypnosis

Answer 25

Asserts that hypnosis is not an altered state of consciousness, but a cognitive set to respond appropriately to suggestions