CHAP 4: Consciousness Flashcards
a person’s awareness of everything that is going on around him or her at any given time
Consciousness
state in which thoughts, feelings and sensations are clear, organized and the person feels alertt
Waking consciousness
state in which there is a shift in the quality or pattern of mental activity as compared to waking consciousness
Altered state of consciousness
kind of thought process that require our conscious attention to a fairly high degree
Controlled processes
kind of thought process that require far less of a conscious level of attention
Automatic processes
a cycle of bodily rhythm that occurs over a 24-hour period; sleep—wake cycle
Circadian rhythm
it is a brief sidesteps into sleep lasting only a few seconds
Microsleeps
theory of sleep proposing that animals and humans evolved sleep patterns to avoid predators by sleeping when predators are most active
Adaptive theory
theory of sleep proposing that sleep is necessary to the physical health of the body
Restorative theory
any significant loss of sleep, resulting problems in concentration and irritability
Sleep deprivation
stage of sleep in which the eyes move rapidly
Rapid eye movement sleep (R; REM)
any of the stages of sleep that do not include REM
non-REM (NREM) sleep
these are smaller and faster waves, typically indicating mental activity
Beta waves
brain waves that indicate a state of relaxation or light sleep
Alpha waves
brian waves indicating the early stages of sleep
Theta waves
long, slow brain waves that indicate the deepest stage of sleep
Delta waves
while awake, primarily beta activity, more alpha as one relaxes, onset of sleep in
N1 is associated with alpha being replaced by theta
N1: Light Sleep
EEG sleep spindles appear; theta activity is predominant; body temperature
continues to drop, heart rate and breathing slow
N2: Sleep Spindles
deepest stage of sleep; delta activity makes up 20% to more than 50% of EEG
activity; body is at lowest level of functioning and people are hard to awaken; sleep
disorders such as sleepwalking and night terrors occur in this stage
N3: Delta waves roll in
dreaming occurs, including nightmares; eyes move rapidly under the eyelids
and EEG indicates presence of beta, but body is typically still, due to sleep
paralysis; REM behavior disorder occurs when body is not still or acts out
dreams, usually seen in men over age 60
R: Rapid eye movement
is the inability to get to sleep, stay asleep, or get good quality of sleep
Insomnia
consists of loud snoring and stopped breathing
Sleep apnea
consists of sudden onset of REM sleep during otherwise waking hours
Narcolepsy
these are bad dreams
Nightmares
