chap 4

Question 1

chemical reactions occur…(2 things)

Answer 1

1. occur due to the interaction btwn valence electrons
2. occur bc rearrangement of aroms form more stable electron configuration

Question 2

define chemical bond and what it involves

Answer 2

force of attraction btwn any two atoms in a compound and involves only the valence electrons(attractive force=stability)

Question 3

define ionic bond

Answer 3

REALLY FAR ON PERIODIC TABLE formed btwn two atoms(or compounds) that have become ionized due to loss or gain of electrons to be NET NEUTRAL

Question 4

define formula unit

Answer 4

ratio of cations:anions that is net-neutral (ex:Al2O3 2:3 Al3+ O2-)

Question 5

define monatomic ions

Answer 5

ions formed from atoms(Na+)

Question 6

define polyatomic ions

Answer 6

ions of covalently bonded molecules(NO3(-))

Question 7

define covalent bond

Answer 7

REALLY CLOSE ON PERIODIC TABLE(upper right) attractive force comes from stability gained by SHARING electrons to provide full valence shells

Question 8

define octet rule

Answer 8

noble gas outer shell electron configuration has full s and p sublevels= 8e-

Question 9

define diatomic molecules and what are they

Answer 9

some nonmetals can satisfy octet rule by forming diatomic molecules.
H2,N2,O2,F2,Cl2,Br2,I2 (-gen, -ine)

Question 10

define electronegativity

Answer 10

tendency to attract shared electrons in a covalent bond (upper right periodic table)

Question 11

lewis structure tips

Answer 11

-if 3 atoms=linear(give or take)
-lowest EN will be center
-carbon almost always center

Question 12

formal charge formula

Answer 12

of VE on periodic table-# of VE in lewis structure

Question 13

define bond energy and order for single double triple

Answer 13

energy needed to break the bonds
single>double>triple

Question 14

define bond length and order

Answer 14

average distance between nuclei of two bonded atoms in a molecule
single>double>triple

Question 15

bond order formula

Answer 15

nunber of bonded pairs of e-/# of atom pairs (ex: O=N-O. BO= 3/2)

Question 16

define expanded octet/hypervalency

Answer 16

elements period 3 or greater can break octet rule

Question 17

define free radical

Answer 17

odd number of electrons when doing lewis structure so unpair e-

Question 18

is ionic or covalent more stable?

Answer 18

ionic cause tend to have a positive charge and negative charge(magnets)