chap 1 Flashcards
define matter
anything that has mass(g) and occupies space(volume(liter))
density formula
d=mass/volume (g/ml) (kg/m^3)
define physical property and give examples
observed/measured without changing into another substance(identity doesnt change). ex: density, melting/boiling pt
define physical change
recognizeable difference in the appearance
define chemical property and give example
can only be observed through a change in composition. ex: flammablity, tonicity, reactivity with oxygen
define chemical change
converted into one or more different substances
define intensive property and give examples
independent of quanity. color, melting/boiling pt
define extensive property and give examples
dependent of quanity. mass and volume
define element and give unit
unique and listed on periodic table. cannot be reduced/simplified and still exhibit the same properties/characteristics. unit-atom (greek word atomos=not cut)
define compound
two or more elements in a defined ratio held tg by chemical bonds(ionic and covalent)
define mono-atomic or polyatomic (molecular) ion
net positive or negative charge(due to lose or gain of electrons)ex:
mono Na+Cl-
poly NO3(+)
define chemical reaction
conversion of one or more substance into one or more different substances. by rearrangement, removal, replacement, and addition of atoms
liquid to gas vocab
vaporization
gas to liquid vocab
condensation
solid to gas vocab
sublimation
gas to solid vocab
deposition
solid definition
particles very close definite volume and shape. doesnt fill shape
liquid definition
particle somewhat close definite volume but not shape. partially fills shape
gas definition
particles widely separated. no definite volume or shape. fills space
define accuracy
how close measurement is to value wanted
define precision
how on point your measurements are even if not the value wanted
error definition
numerical difference between estimate and true value
deviation definition
variation within set of measurements
define universal consensus
generally accepted opinion or decision that is shared by a group of people
steps of the scientific method
observe, hypothesize, predict, test, and analyze results. you can repeat adjust and modify.
define emergent scientific truth
a scientific fact that is true regardless of whether or not someone believes in it.
define law of definite proportions and who created it
proust. says compounds always have the same elemental composition. ex: H2O always H=11.2% and O=88.8%
define law of multiple proportions and who created it
john dalton. says mixtures always produced ratios with small whole numbers. ex: H2O is a 2:1 ratio
what color do carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms represent?
c=black h=white o=red
define covalent bond
chemical bond that involves the sharing of electrons to form electron pairs between atoms
define double bond
covalent bond between two atoms involving four bonding electrons as opposed to two in a single bond
define mixture
two or more substances that retain their unique identities (physical/chemical properties)
steps to do unit conversion &dimensional analysis and how to execute.
General strategy: find given, determine what you need to find. volume-×density-grams-÷molar mass-mols-×avogadros number-atoms
vice versa
define ionic bond
bonds formed through electron donation
