chap 1

Question 1

define matter

Answer 1

anything that has mass(g) and occupies space(volume(liter))

Question 2

density formula

Answer 2

d=mass/volume (g/ml) (kg/m^3)

Question 3

define physical property and give examples

Answer 3

observed/measured without changing into another substance(identity doesnt change). ex: density, melting/boiling pt

Question 4

define physical change

Answer 4

recognizeable difference in the appearance

Question 5

define chemical property and give example

Answer 5

can only be observed through a change in composition. ex: flammablity, tonicity, reactivity with oxygen

Question 6

define chemical change

Answer 6

converted into one or more different substances

Question 7

define intensive property and give examples

Answer 7

independent of quanity. color, melting/boiling pt

Question 8

define extensive property and give examples

Answer 8

dependent of quanity. mass and volume

Question 9

define element and give unit

Answer 9

unique and listed on periodic table. cannot be reduced/simplified and still exhibit the same properties/characteristics. unit-atom (greek word atomos=not cut)

Question 10

define compound

Answer 10

two or more elements in a defined ratio held tg by chemical bonds(ionic and covalent)

Question 11

define mono-atomic or polyatomic (molecular) ion

Answer 11

net positive or negative charge(due to lose or gain of electrons)ex:
mono Na+Cl-
poly NO3(+)

Question 12

define chemical reaction

Answer 12

conversion of one or more substance into one or more different substances. by rearrangement, removal, replacement, and addition of atoms

Question 13

liquid to gas vocab

Answer 13

vaporization

Question 14

liquid to gas vocab

Answer 14

vaporization

Question 15

gas to liquid vocab

Answer 15

condensation

Question 16

solid to gas vocab

Answer 16

sublimation

Question 17

gas to solid vocab

Answer 17

deposition

Question 18

solid definition

Answer 18

particles very close definite volume and shape. doesnt fill shape

Question 19

liquid definition

Answer 19

particle somewhat close definite volume but not shape. partially fills shape

Question 20

gas definition

Answer 20

particles widely separated. no definite volume or shape. fills space

Question 21

define accuracy

Answer 21

how close measurement is to value wanted

Question 22

define precision

Answer 22

how on point your measurements are even if not the value wanted

Question 23

error definition

Answer 23

numerical difference between estimate and true value

Question 24

deviation definition

Answer 24

variation within set of measurements

Question 25

define universal consensus

Answer 25

generally accepted opinion or decision that is shared by a group of people

Question 26

steps of the scientific method

Answer 26

observe, hypothesize, predict, test, and analyze results. you can repeat adjust and modify.

Question 27

define emergent scientific truth

Answer 27

a scientific fact that is true regardless of whether or not someone believes in it.

Question 28

define law of definite proportions and who created it

Answer 28

proust. says compounds always have the same elemental composition. ex: H2O always H=11.2% and O=88.8%

Question 29

define law of multiple proportions and who created it

Answer 29

john dalton. says mixtures always produced ratios with small whole numbers. ex: H2O is a 2:1 ratio

Question 30

what color do carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms represent?

Answer 30

c=black h=white o=red

Question 31

define covalent bond

Answer 31

chemical bond that involves the sharing of electrons to form electron pairs between atoms

Question 32

define double bond

Answer 32

covalent bond between two atoms involving four bonding electrons as opposed to two in a single bond

Question 33

define mixture

Answer 33

two or more substances that retain their unique identities (physical/chemical properties)

Question 34

steps to do unit conversion &dimensional analysis and how to execute.

Answer 34

General strategy: find given, determine what you need to find. volume-×density-grams-÷molar mass-mols-×avogadros number-atoms
vice versa

Question 35

define ionic bond

Answer 35

bonds formed through electron donation