CHAP 34

Question 1

a useful device for grinding solids that are not too hard. It consists
of a porcelain crock with a capacity of perhaps two liters that can be sealed and rotated
mechanically.

Answer 1

ball mill

Question 2

used for crushing hard, brittle materials. It is constructed
of hardened tool steel and consists of a base plate, a removable collar, and a pestle. The sample is placed on the base plate inside the collar. The pestle is then fitted into place and struck several blows with a hammer, therefore reducing the solid to a fine powder that is collected on glazed paper after the apparatus has been disassembled.

Answer 2

Plattner diamond mortar

Question 3

Forms of Water in Solids

Answer 3

1. a. Essential water
   b. Water of constitution
2. Nonessential Water
   a. adsorbed water
   b. sorbed water
   c. occluded water

Question 4

trapped in random
microscopic pockets of solids, particularly
minerals and rocks.

Answer 4

occluded water

Question 5

resides on the surface
of the particles of a material.

Answer 5

Adsorbed water

Question 6

contained within the
interstices of the molecular structure
of a colloidal compound.

Answer 6

sorbed water

Question 7

the water
that is physically retained by a solid.

Answer 7

nonessential water

Question 8

water that
is formed when a pure solid is
decomposed by heat or other
chemical treatment.

Answer 8

water of constitution

Question 9

the water that is
an integral part of a solid chemical
compound in a stoichiometric
amount in a stable solid hydrate,
such as BaCl2 ·2H2O.

Answer 9

essential water

Question 10

a process in which
a crystalline material containing
occluded water suddenly explodes
during heating because of a buildup in
internal pressure resulting from steam
formation.

Answer 10

decrepitation

Question 11

is the ratio of the
vapor pressure of water in the atmosphere to its vapor pressure in air that
is saturated with moisture

Answer 11

relative humidity