Chap 3 Part B - Sheet1

Question 1

octet rule

Answer 1

main group elements tend undergo reactions leave them with eight valence electrons

Question 2

transition metals form cations or anions

Answer 2

cations, but can lose one or more d electrons in addition to losing valence s electrons. OCTET rule not followed.

Question 3

How do metals form cations or anions?

Answer 3

Metals form cations by losing one or more electrons. Group 1A and 2A metals form +1 and +2 ions, respectively, to achieve a noble gas configuration. Transition metals can form cations of more than one charge by losing a combination of valence-shell s electrons and inner-shell d electrons.

Question 4

How do nonmetals become anions or cations

Answer 4

Reactive nonmetals form anions by gaining one or more electrons to achieve a noble gas configuration. Group 6A nonmetals oxygen and sulfur form the anions O2– and S2–. Group 7A elements (the halogens) form –1 ions.

Question 5

Do Noble gases form anions or cations?

Answer 5

Group 8A elements (the noble gases) are unreactive.

Question 6

how does the group number inform one regarding the charge of the group

Answer 6

For 1A and 2A metals, cation charge = group number. For nonmetals in groups 5A, 6A, and 7A, anion charge = 8 – (group number).

Question 7

naming ions main group metal cations

Answer 7

idendify metal then add word ion. K+ is potassium ion.

Question 8

naming ions main group anions

Answer 8

Anions are named by replacing the ending of the element name with -ide, followed by the word “ion.”
Cl- is chloride ion

Question 9

naming transition metal cations

Answer 9

copper is either Cu+ copper (I) or Cu2+ copper(II) the 2 is superscript

Question 10

polyatomic ion

Answer 10

Polyatomic ionAn ion that is composed of more than one atom.

Question 11

how are polyatomic ions held together?

Answer 11

The atoms in a polyatomic ion are held together by covalent bonds.
A polyatomic ion is charged because it contains a total number of electrons that is different from the total number of protons in the combined atoms.
These ions are encountered so frequently that it is essential to memorize their names and formulas.

Question 12

formula unit

Answer 12

Formula unitThe formula that identifies the smallest neutral unit of an ionic compound

Question 13

formula for ionic compounds

Answer 13

2 K(1+super) + O(2-super) becomes K(sub2)O

Question 14

formula ionic compounds

Answer 14

Mg(super 2+) and PO(subscript 4)(super 3-) you swap the charges and make them subscripts and drop charges Mg(sub 3)(PO(sub4)(sub2).

Question 15

acid

Answer 15

substance that provides H+ ions in water

Question 16

base

Answer 16

substance that provides OH- ions in water

Question 17

name 2 of most important ions

Answer 17

Two of the most important ions are the hydrogen cation (H+) and the hydroxide anion (OH–).
A hydrogen cation is simply a proton.

Question 18

what happens when acid dissolves in water

Answer 18

When an acid dissolves in water, the proton attaches to a molecule of water to form a hydronium ion.
H+ + H2O into H3O+

Question 19

hydroxide anion

Answer 19

OH- polyatomic ion in which an oxygen atom is covalently bonded to a hydrogen atom.

Question 20

Can acids provide different numbers of H+ ions?

Answer 20

Different acids can provide different numbers of H+ ions per acid molecule.
Hydrochloric acid, HCl, provides one H+ ion per acid molecule.
Sulfuric acid, H2SO4, can provide two H+ ions per acid molecule.
Phosphoric acid, H3PO4, can provide three H+ ions per acid molecule.

Question 21

What happens when BASES dissolve

Answer 21

When these compounds dissolve, OH– anions go into solution along with the metal cation.

Question 22

name 2 bases

Answer 22

Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and potassium hydroxide (KOH) are bases.