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Chemistry Intro Gen > Chap 3 Part A - Sheet1 > Flashcards

Chap 3 Part A - Sheet1 Flashcards

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1
Q

metals tend form compounds with

A

nonmetals (NaCl)

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2
Q

akali metals react halogens and have similar properties

A

high melting points (over 500C), stable, WHITE, cystalline , SOLID Soluble in Water but the water solution conducts electricity. Note Ion-transfer reactions of metals and nonmetals form products unlike either element.

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3
Q

how does electricity flow?

A

Electricity can only flow through a medium containing charged particles that are free to move.

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4
Q

what happens when gain or lose electron

A

By gaining or losing electrons, an atom can be converted into a charged particle called an ion.

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5
Q

ion

A

electrically charged atom or group atoms

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6
Q

cation

A

positively charged ion. loss of one or more electrons from a neutral atom gives a positively charged ion called a cation.

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7
Q

anion

A

neg charge ion. gain of one or more electrons by a neutral atom gives a negatively charged ion called an anion.

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8
Q

ionization energy

A

Ionization energyis the energy required to remove one electron from a single atom in the gaseous state.

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9
Q

what do small ionization energy values indicate

A

Small values indicate ease of losing electrons to form cations.

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10
Q

electron affinity

A

is the energy released on adding an electron to a single atom in the gaseous state.

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11
Q

What group has largest electron affinity

A

Halogens have the largest values and gain electrons most easily.

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12
Q

Product that results from transfer of electrons is electrically charged or neutral?

A

Elements that lose an electron, and those that gain an electron will react with each other by transfer of an electron. product that results is electrically neutral.

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13
Q

ionic bond

A

electrical attraction between ions of opposite charge in a crystal

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14
Q

ionic solids

A

crystalline solid held together by ionic bonds

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15
Q

ionic compound

A

compound hat contains ionic bonds

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16
Q

ionic compounds and effciency

A

Ions in each compound settle into a pattern that efficiently fills space and maximizes ionic bonding

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17
Q

ionic liquids

A

Ionic liquids have low melting points, high viscosity, low to moderate electrical conductivity, and low volatility

18
Q

how many valence electrons does Alkali metal have?

A

Alkali metal Group 1A. Has electron config NS1 (one is superscript)

19
Q

number valence e in Halogens

A

7 and NS2NP5 (numbers superscripts)

20
Q

when halogens and alkali react

A

electron transferred giving both ns2np6 config with 8 valence electrons. This is noble gas config

21
Q

octet rule

A

main group elements tend undergo reactions leave them with eight valence electrons

22
Q

transition metals form cations or anions

A

cations, but can lose one or more d electrons in addition to losing valence s electrons. OCTET rule not followed.

23
Q

How do metals form cations or anions?

A

Metals form cations by losing one or more electrons. Group 1A and 2A metals form +1 and +2 ions, respectively, to achieve a noble gas configuration. Transition metals can form cations of more than one charge by losing a combination of valence-shell s electrons and inner-shell d electrons.

24
Q

How do nonmetals become anions or cations

A

Reactive nonmetals form anions by gaining one or more electrons to achieve a noble gas configuration. Group 6A nonmetals oxygen and sulfur form the anions O2– and S2–. Group 7A elements (the halogens) form –1 ions.

25
Q

Do Noble gases form anions or cations?

A

Group 8A elements (the noble gases) are unreactive.

26
Q

how does the group number inform one regarding the charge of the group

A

For 1A and 2A metals, cation charge = group number. For nonmetals in groups 5A, 6A, and 7A, anion charge = 8 – (group number).

27
Q

naming ions main group metal cations

A

idendify metal then add word ion. K+ is potassium ion.

28
Q

naming ions main group anions

A

Anions are named by replacing the ending of the element name with -ide, followed by the word “ion.”
Cl- is chloride ion

29
Q

naming transition metal cations

A

copper is either Cu+ copper (I) or Cu2+ copper(II) the 2 is superscript

30
Q

polyatomic ion

A

Polyatomic ionAn ion that is composed of more than one atom.

31
Q

how are polyatomic ions held together?

A

The atoms in a polyatomic ion are held together by covalent bonds.
A polyatomic ion is charged because it contains a total number of electrons that is different from the total number of protons in the combined atoms.
These ions are encountered so frequently that it is essential to memorize their names and formulas.

32
Q

formula unit

A

Formula unitThe formula that identifies the smallest neutral unit of an ionic compound

33
Q

formula for ionic compounds

A

2 K(1+super) + O(2-super) becomes K(sub2)O

34
Q

formula ionic compounds

A

Mg(super 2+) and PO(subscript 4)(super 3-) you swap the charges and make them subscripts and drop charges Mg(sub 3)(PO(sub4)(sub2).

35
Q

acid

A

substance that provides H+ ions in water

36
Q

base

A

substance that provides OH- ions in water

37
Q

name 2 of most important ions

A

Two of the most important ions are the hydrogen cation (H+) and the hydroxide anion (OH–).
A hydrogen cation is simply a proton.

38
Q

what happens when acid dissolves in water

A

When an acid dissolves in water, the proton attaches to a molecule of water to form a hydronium ion.
H+ + H2O into H3O+

39
Q

hydroxide anion

A

OH- polyatomic ion in which an oxygen atom is covalently bonded to a hydrogen atom.

40
Q

Can acids provide different numbers of H+ ions?

A

Different acids can provide different numbers of H+ ions per acid molecule.
Hydrochloric acid, HCl, provides one H+ ion per acid molecule.
Sulfuric acid, H2SO4, can provide two H+ ions per acid molecule.
Phosphoric acid, H3PO4, can provide three H+ ions per acid molecule.

41
Q

What happens when BASES dissolve

A

When these compounds dissolve, OH– anions go into solution along with the metal cation.

42
Q

name 2 bases

A

Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and potassium hydroxide (KOH) are bases.

Chemistry Intro Gen (5 decks)

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