Chap 3 Part A - Sheet1

Question 1

metals tend form compounds with

Answer 1

nonmetals (NaCl)

Question 2

akali metals react halogens and have similar properties

Answer 2

high melting points (over 500C), stable, WHITE, cystalline , SOLID Soluble in Water but the water solution conducts electricity. Note Ion-transfer reactions of metals and nonmetals form products unlike either element.

Question 3

how does electricity flow?

Answer 3

Electricity can only flow through a medium containing charged particles that are free to move.

Question 4

what happens when gain or lose electron

Answer 4

By gaining or losing electrons, an atom can be converted into a charged particle called an ion.

Question 5

ion

Answer 5

electrically charged atom or group atoms

Question 6

cation

Answer 6

positively charged ion. loss of one or more electrons from a neutral atom gives a positively charged ion called a cation.

Question 7

anion

Answer 7

neg charge ion. gain of one or more electrons by a neutral atom gives a negatively charged ion called an anion.

Question 8

ionization energy

Answer 8

Ionization energyis the energy required to remove one electron from a single atom in the gaseous state.

Question 9

what do small ionization energy values indicate

Answer 9

Small values indicate ease of losing electrons to form cations.

Question 10

electron affinity

Answer 10

is the energy released on adding an electron to a single atom in the gaseous state.

Question 11

What group has largest electron affinity

Answer 11

Halogens have the largest values and gain electrons most easily.

Question 12

Product that results from transfer of electrons is electrically charged or neutral?

Answer 12

Elements that lose an electron, and those that gain an electron will react with each other by transfer of an electron. product that results is electrically neutral.

Question 13

ionic bond

Answer 13

electrical attraction between ions of opposite charge in a crystal

Question 14

ionic solids

Answer 14

crystalline solid held together by ionic bonds

Question 15

ionic compound

Answer 15

compound hat contains ionic bonds

Question 16

ionic compounds and effciency

Answer 16

Ions in each compound settle into a pattern that efficiently fills space and maximizes ionic bonding

Question 17

ionic liquids

Answer 17

Ionic liquids have low melting points, high viscosity, low to moderate electrical conductivity, and low volatility

Question 18

how many valence electrons does Alkali metal have?

Answer 18

Alkali metal Group 1A. Has electron config NS1 (one is superscript)

Question 19

number valence e in Halogens

Answer 19

7 and NS2NP5 (numbers superscripts)

Question 20

when halogens and alkali react

Answer 20

electron transferred giving both ns2np6 config with 8 valence electrons. This is noble gas config

Question 21

octet rule

Answer 21

main group elements tend undergo reactions leave them with eight valence electrons

Question 22

transition metals form cations or anions

Answer 22

cations, but can lose one or more d electrons in addition to losing valence s electrons. OCTET rule not followed.

Question 23

How do metals form cations or anions?

Answer 23

Metals form cations by losing one or more electrons. Group 1A and 2A metals form +1 and +2 ions, respectively, to achieve a noble gas configuration. Transition metals can form cations of more than one charge by losing a combination of valence-shell s electrons and inner-shell d electrons.

Question 24

How do nonmetals become anions or cations

Answer 24

Reactive nonmetals form anions by gaining one or more electrons to achieve a noble gas configuration. Group 6A nonmetals oxygen and sulfur form the anions O2– and S2–. Group 7A elements (the halogens) form –1 ions.

Question 25

Do Noble gases form anions or cations?

Answer 25

Group 8A elements (the noble gases) are unreactive.

Question 26

how does the group number inform one regarding the charge of the group

Answer 26

For 1A and 2A metals, cation charge = group number. For nonmetals in groups 5A, 6A, and 7A, anion charge = 8 – (group number).

Question 27

naming ions main group metal cations

Answer 27

idendify metal then add word ion. K+ is potassium ion.

Question 28

naming ions main group anions

Answer 28

Anions are named by replacing the ending of the element name with -ide, followed by the word “ion.” Cl- is chloride ion

Question 29

naming transition metal cations

Answer 29

copper is either Cu+ copper (I) or Cu2+ copper(II) the 2 is superscript

Question 30

polyatomic ion

Answer 30

Polyatomic ion  An ion that is composed of more than one atom.

Question 31

how are polyatomic ions held together?

Answer 31

The atoms in a polyatomic ion are held together by covalent bonds. A polyatomic ion is charged because it contains a total number of electrons that is different from the total number of protons in the combined atoms. These ions are encountered so frequently that it is essential to memorize their names and formulas.

Question 32

formula unit

Answer 32

Formula unit  The formula that identifies the smallest neutral unit of an ionic compound

Question 33

formula for ionic compounds

Answer 33

2 K(1+super) + O(2-super) becomes K(sub2)O

Question 34

formula ionic compounds

Answer 34

Mg(super 2+) and PO(subscript 4)(super 3-) you swap the charges and make them subscripts and drop charges Mg(sub 3)(PO(sub4)(sub2).

Question 35

acid

Answer 35

substance that provides H+ ions in water

Question 36

base

Answer 36

substance that provides OH- ions in water

Question 37

name 2 of most important ions

Answer 37

Two of the most important ions are the hydrogen cation (H+) and the hydroxide anion (OH–). A hydrogen cation is simply a proton.

Question 38

what happens when acid dissolves in water

Answer 38

When an acid dissolves in water, the proton attaches to a molecule of water to form a hydronium ion. H+ + H2O into H3O+

Question 39

hydroxide anion

Answer 39

OH- polyatomic ion in which an oxygen atom is covalently bonded to a hydrogen atom.

Question 40

Can acids provide different numbers of H+ ions?

Answer 40

Different acids can provide different numbers of H+ ions per acid molecule. Hydrochloric acid, HCl, provides one H+ ion per acid molecule. Sulfuric acid, H2SO4, can provide two H+ ions per acid molecule. Phosphoric acid, H3PO4, can provide three H+ ions per acid molecule.

Question 41

What happens when BASES dissolve

Answer 41

When these compounds dissolve, OH– anions go into solution along with the metal cation.

Question 42

name 2 bases

Answer 42

Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and potassium hydroxide (KOH) are bases.