Chap 2B Respiratory Flashcards
external openings of the
tracheae
Spiracles
tracheal dilations of
varying size, number, and
distribution, found mainly in flying
insects
Air sacs
tubes ranging from
0.5um diameter to less than 10um
Trachea
- 0.1um diameter to less
than 0.5um; in close association
with cells
Tracheoles
a series of folds that
usally run spirally around the lumen
Taenidia
Involved in the exchange of gases between the cellular and external environment of
insects.
• It does not rely on an oxygen transport pigment (hemoglobin) and does not use the
circulatory system as the vehicle for gaseous exchange
Respiratory system
Aquatic Insects Obtaining Oxygen from the Air
Spiracular adaptation
Temporary gas gills
Spiracular adaptation
Telescopic respiratory siphon
Hydofuge hair
Siphon
Polyneustic RS – at least 8 pairs of functional spiracles
Holopneustic- (10 pairs): 1
mesothoracic, 1 metathoracic & 8 abdominal
Perineustic – (9 pairs): 1 mesothoracic & 8 abdominal
Hemineustic- (8 pairs): 1 mesothoracic & 7 abdominal
Oligoneustic RS – at least 1 or 2 pairs of functional spiracles
Amphipneustic – (2 pairs): 1 mesothoracic & 1 abdominal
Metapneustic- with 1 pair of post-abdominal spiracle
Propneustic- with 1 pair of mesothoracic spiracle
There are no functional spiracles, the tracheal system does not open to the
outside
Apneustic
closed tracheal system (e.g. Chironomous)
- rely on oxygen diffusing in over the general body surface & have
a well developed tracheal plexus lying beneath a rather thin
cuticle
Cutaneous respiration
– blood cells
Hemocytes
the body cavity where the blood flows
Hemocoel
– insects blood
Hemolymph
The only conducting vessel; a vessel situated along
the median dorsal line just beneath the integument
Dorsal vessel
region with valves or ostia; in abdomen; pumping
Heart
basically a tube; in thorax and head; conducting
vessel
Aorta
a valvular opening which allow the hemolymph to enter
(incurrent ostia) or exit (excurrent) from the heart
Ostia
– aid the movement of hemolymph in
addition to the pumping activities of the heart. They are concerned
with maintaining a circulation through the appendages
Accessory pulsatile organ
The hemocoel or body cavity particularly
in the abdomen is usually separated into 2 or sometimes 3 cavities
or sinuses. These compartmentalization is produced by the
processes of one or two fribromuscular septa.
Sinuses and diaphragm
eggs are produced
Ovarioles
– storage for sperms
Spermatheca
channel through which eggs are
discharge to unite the sperm
Oviduct
– external opening of the reproductive
organ
Gonopore
– the terminal portion of the female
reproductive organ; an egg holding chamber which
opens directly into the external ovipositor (egg
laying devise)
Vigina
colleterial glands that secrete
adhesive materials used to cover or glue eggs
together
Accessory glands
Female Reproductive System functions
- Produce and store eggs
- Provides the eggs with the necessary nutrients for
embryonic development - Receive and store spermatozoa
- Site of fertilization
- Deposits eggs or larvae
production of spermatozoa
Testes/testis
seminal duct from the sperm tube to
the vas deferens
Vas efferens
seminal duct from the vas efferens to
the seminal vesicle
Vas deferens
spermatozoa reservoir
Seminal vesicle
– is for coating and protecting sperms
from acidity
Accessory glands
spermatozoa duct or ejaculating
duct
Ejaculatory duct
penis of a male insect
Phallus
opening of the phallus
Gonopore
Male reproductive system functions
- production, storage and delivery of spermatozoa
- Production of seminal fluid
- Provides the female with either chemical or physical
signal to tell her that she had been mated - Incidental function, to supply the female nutrients
which can be incorporated into the developing oocytes
Mating process
Courtship ritual
Mating
Fertilization
Oviposition
