Chap 2B Respiratory Flashcards
external openings of the
tracheae
Spiracles
tracheal dilations of
varying size, number, and
distribution, found mainly in flying
insects
Air sacs
tubes ranging from
0.5um diameter to less than 10um
Trachea
- 0.1um diameter to less
than 0.5um; in close association
with cells
Tracheoles
a series of folds that
usally run spirally around the lumen
Taenidia
Involved in the exchange of gases between the cellular and external environment of
insects.
• It does not rely on an oxygen transport pigment (hemoglobin) and does not use the
circulatory system as the vehicle for gaseous exchange
Respiratory system
Aquatic Insects Obtaining Oxygen from the Air
Spiracular adaptation
Temporary gas gills
Spiracular adaptation
Telescopic respiratory siphon
Hydofuge hair
Siphon
Polyneustic RS – at least 8 pairs of functional spiracles
Holopneustic- (10 pairs): 1
mesothoracic, 1 metathoracic & 8 abdominal
Perineustic – (9 pairs): 1 mesothoracic & 8 abdominal
Hemineustic- (8 pairs): 1 mesothoracic & 7 abdominal
Oligoneustic RS – at least 1 or 2 pairs of functional spiracles
Amphipneustic – (2 pairs): 1 mesothoracic & 1 abdominal
Metapneustic- with 1 pair of post-abdominal spiracle
Propneustic- with 1 pair of mesothoracic spiracle
There are no functional spiracles, the tracheal system does not open to the
outside
Apneustic
closed tracheal system (e.g. Chironomous)
- rely on oxygen diffusing in over the general body surface & have
a well developed tracheal plexus lying beneath a rather thin
cuticle
Cutaneous respiration
– blood cells
Hemocytes
the body cavity where the blood flows
Hemocoel
– insects blood
Hemolymph