CHAP 27 Flashcards
What is Acetyl CoA used for?
cholesterol synthesis
MACRONUTRIENTS:
CARBS, LIPIDS, PROTEINS.
MICRONUTRIENTS:
VITAMINS & MINERALS
ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS:
OBTAINED FROM DIET & ABSORBED THRU DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.
NONESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS:
NOT REQUIRED IN DIET & PROVIDED BY BIOCHEMICAL PROCESSES OF BODY
Define calorie.
AMOUNT OF HEAT REQUIRED TO RAISE THE TEMP. OF 1g OF WATER BY 1C
Three categories of triglycerides:
SATURATED, UNSATURATED, & POLYUNSATURATED
Which category of triglycerides contains no double bonds?
SATURATED
Which category of triglycerides contains one double bond?
UNSATURATED
Which category of triglycerides contains two or more double bonds?
POLYUNSATURATED
Which nutrient is required as a component of the plasma membrane of cells?
CHOLESTEROL
How many amino acids are essential?
8
How many amino acids are nonessential?
12
What are the water-soluble vitamins?
VITAMIN B & C
What are the fat-soluble vitamins?
VITAMIN A, D, E, & K
When is insulin released?
IN RESPONSE TO INCREASED BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS
Overall, what effect does insulin have?
LOWERS BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS, STIMULATES STORAGE THRU GLYCOGENESIS
Overall, what effect does glucagon have?
RAISES BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS, STIMULATES GLUCOSE PRODUCTION THRU GLYCOGENOLYSIS & GLUCONEOGENESIS
VLDL:
VERY-LOW-DENSITY; LARGE LIPOPROTEINS LIVER SENDS THESE OUT TO TRANSPORT TRIGLYCERIDES
LDL:
LOW-DENSITY; CARRY CHOLESTEROL FROM LIVER TO CELLS; STORED IN ADIPOSE TISSUE; HIGHER AMOUNTS OF GLYCEROL
HDL:
HIGH-DENSITY; SMALL LIPOPROTEINS THAT TRANSPORTS LIPIDS BACK TO LIVER
What organ can synthesize cholesterol?
LIVER
What do NADH and FADH2 supply in the electron transport system?
ELECTRONS
What are the stages of cellular respiration?
GLYCOLYSIS, INTERMEDIATE STAGE, CITRIC ACID CYCLE, ELECTRON TRANSPORT SYSTEM
