Chap 25 Flashcards
Main government aims for the economy
- Economic growth
- Low unemployment
- Price stability
- Balance of payments stability
- Redistribution of income
Define Economic growth
An increase in the output of an economy and in the long run, an increase in the economy’s productive potential
Define Actual economic growth
an increase in the output of an economy
Define Potential economic growth
an increase in an economy’s productive capacity
How can the productive potential of the economy be increased ?
Rise in the quantity and/or quality of factors of production.
Define Aggregate demand
The total demand for a country’s product at a given price level.
It consists of consumer expenditure, investment, government spending and net exports (exports – imports)
C + I + G + (X - M)
Define consumption (C)
Spending by households on goods and services
Define Investment (I)
Spending by the private and public sectors on capital goods
Define government spending (G)
Government spending on state-provided goods and services
Define net exports (X - M)
Value of exports minus imports
What causes an extension in aggregate demand?
A fall in the country’s price level
(a) households and firms would have more purchasing power
(b) it increases the international competitiveness of the country’s product
Causes of an increase in aggregate demand (shift to the right of the AD curve)
- Increase in population
- Cut in the rate of interest
- Lower exchange rate
- Greater confidence
Define Aggregate supply
The total amount of goods and services that domestic firms are willing to supply at a given price level
Reasons why governments aim for economic growth
- Raise people’s living standards
- Transform people’s lives and enable them to live longer because of better nutrition, housing and healthcare
- Help a government achieve its other economic aims
How does economic growth help a government achieve its other economic aims ?
Employment: As output increases
Low price level: If output increases to match higher demand
Trade position: Extra output is exported
Extra tax revenue: Poor may gain jobs and some may be helped
Determinant of a country’s possible economic growth rate
Level of output, in relation to its current maximum possible output and its growth in productive capacity
Growing rate + productive capacity = possible economic growth rate