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Microbiology Test 3 > Chap 24 > Flashcards

Chap 24 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Erlich

A

“salvarsan” an arsenic derivative that killed the causative agent of syphilis

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2
Q

Domagk

A

“prontosil” - active against staphylococci, streptococci, and other G+ bacteria

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3
Q

Fleming

A

Penicillium mold from which penicillin was extracted

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4
Q

antibiotic

A

a substance produced by few bacterial or fungal species that inhibits or kills other microorganisms

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5
Q

synthetic

A

manmade

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6
Q

semisynthetic

A

a chemical substance synthesized from natural and man made components used to treat a disease

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7
Q

antimicrobial spectrum

A

the range of antimicrobial drug action

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8
Q

broad spectrum

A

useful for treating many groups of microorganisms, including G+ and G- bacteria

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9
Q

narrow spectrum

A

useful for a restricted group of microorganisms

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10
Q

5 major targets for antibacterial agents

A
  • cell wall synthesis
  • cell membrane
  • protein synthesis
  • nucleic acid synthesis
  • folic acid metabolism
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11
Q

Folic acid metabolism

A

sulfonamides

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12
Q

Cell membrane

A

polymyxin B

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13
Q

Protein synthesis

A
  • aminoglycosides
  • chloramphenicol
  • tetracyclines
  • macrolides
  • clindamycin
  • streptogramins
  • oxazolidinones
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14
Q

Nucleid acid synthesis

A

DNA: quinolones
RNA: rifampin

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15
Q

Cell wall synthesis

A
  • Penicillin
  • cephalosporins
  • vancomycin
  • bacitracin
  • carbapenems
  • isoniazid
  • ethambutol
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16
Q

Sulfa drugs

A

inhibit folic acid synthesis due to competitive inhibition

17
Q

synergistic

A

stronger together than alone

18
Q

Bactrim

A

sulfamethoxazole combined with trimethoprim

19
Q

Isoniazid

A

only on mycobacterium

-inhibits cell well synthesis by inhibiting production of mycolic acid

20
Q

Quinolones

A

blocks DNA synthesis in G+ and G-

  • UTI, gonorrhea, chlamydia, GI
  • Cipro safe for adults but affects cartilage development
21
Q

Beta Lactam class

A

targets PEP, typically G+

  • commonality is a beta lactam nucleus
  • penicillin is bacteriacidal (immediately kills it)
22
Q

Disadvantages to penicillin

A
  • anaphalactic reaction

- penicillin resistant bacterial species which neutralize or inactivate penicillin

23
Q

Semisynthetic penicillins

A

modifications of natural penicillin by introducing different side chains

  • extend the spectrum of antimicrobial activity and help reduce microbial resistance
  • more resistant to penicillinases
24
Q

Amoxicillin/Augmentin

A

amoxicillin used with clavulanic acid, inactivates penicillinase

Microbiology Test 3 (5 decks)

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