chap 22 DNA biology

Question 1

DNA’s Main Functions

Answer 1

Replication, storing information, mutation

Question 2

Gene vs. Allele:

Answer 2

Gene = unit of DNA; Allele = version of a gene.

Question 3

DNA Bases:

Answer 3

A, T, C, G

Question 4

RNA Bases:

Answer 4

A, U, C, G

Question 5

Nucleotide Components:

Answer 5

Sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base

Question 6

DNA Backbone:

Answer 6

Sugar-phosphate chain

Question 7

DNA is Antiparallel:

Answer 7

Strands run in opposite directions

Question 8

Semiconservative Replication:

Answer 8

One old and one new strand.

Question 9

what are the 3 Replication Enzymes:

Answer 9

helicase, polymerase, ligase

Question 10

Helicase:

Answer 10

Unzips DNA

Question 11

Polymerase:

Answer 11

Builds new strands.

Question 12

Ligase:

Answer 12

Seals gaps (Okazaki fragments - short pieces of DNA formed on the lagging strand during DNA replication).

Question 13

Harmful Mutations:

Answer 13

Deletion & Insertion (cause frameshift)

Question 14

mRNA:

Answer 14

Carries instructions.

Question 15

rRNA:

Answer 15

Part of ribosome

Question 16

tRNA:

Answer 16

Brings amino acids

Question 17

Central Dogma:

Answer 17

DNA → RNA → Protein

Question 18

mRNA Codon & tRNA Anticodon:

Answer 18

Must match for protein synthesis.

Question 19

Initiation:

Answer 19

ribosome assembles on mRNA

Question 20

Elongation:

Answer 20

amino acids are added

Question 21

Termination:

Answer 21

protein is released

Question 22

Codon Chart:

Answer 22

Converts mRNA sequence into amino acids.

Question 23

RNA Polymerase:

Answer 23

Used in transcription.

Question 24

Translation Stages:

Answer 24

Initiation, Elongation, Termination

Question 25

GMO vs. Transgenic:

Answer 25

GMO = altered DNA Transgenic = DNA from another species.