Chap 2 - Research methods Flashcards
Define behavioral measure
Overt actions or reaction that is observed and recorded, exclusive of self-reported behavior
between-subjects design?
A research design in which different groups of participants are randomly assigned to experimental conditions or to control conditions.
case study?
Intensive observation of a particular individual or small group of individuals.
confounding variable?
A stimulus other than the variable an experimenter explicitly introduces into a research setting that affects a participant’s behavior.
debriefing?
A procedure conducted at the end of an experiment in which the researcher provides the participant with as much information about the study as possible and makes sure that no participant leaves feeling confused, upset, or embarrassed.
correlation coefficient?
(r) A statistic that indicates the degree of relationship between two variables.
correlation method?
Research methodology that determines to what extent two variables, traits, or attributes are related.
determinism?
The doctrine that all events—physical, behavioral, and mental—are determined by specific causal factors that are potentially knowable.
double-blind control ?
keeping both PARTICIPANTS and EXPERIMENTAL ASSISTANTS unaware of which participants have received which treatment.
=> eliminate biased expectations of experimenters
expectancy effect?
Result that occurs when a researcher or observer subtly communicates to participants the kind of behavior he or she expects to find, thereby creating that expected reaction.
naturalistic observation
A research technique in which unobtrusive observations are made of behaviors that occur in natural environments.
self-report measure
identified through a participant’s own observations and reports
within-subjects design
A research design that uses each participant as his or her own control;
for example, the behavior of an experimental participant before receiving treatment might be compared to his or her behavior after receiving treatment.
What are the 3 Rs researchers to try to do in ANIMAL research?
REDUCE the number of animals
REPLACE the use of animals altogether
REFINE procedures to minimize pain & distress
What is Risk/ Gain Assessment?
weighing the potential risks towards participants against potential achievements to decide whether it worths or not
