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PSYCH 100 > Chap 1 - Psych & life > Flashcards

Chap 1 - Psych & life Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the GOALS of Psych?

A 
DEPC:
Describe
Explain
Predict
help Control behaviour
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2
Q

What is structuralism? And where did it come from?

A
  • > Structure of the mind & behaviour built from elemental sensations
  • > Wundt & Titchener
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3
Q

What does Functionalism emphasize?

A

-> purpose behind behavior

= James & Dewey

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4
Q

How many perspectives are there on behavior?

A

7

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5
Q

How does PSYCHODYNAMIC perspective look at behaviour?

A

driven by instinctive forces, inner conflicts, and conscious and unconscious motivations

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6
Q

How does BEHAVIORIST perspective look at behaviour?

A

determined by external stimulus conditions

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7
Q

How does HUMANISTIC perspective look at behaviour?

A

individual’s inherent capacity to make rational choices

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8
Q

How does COGNITIVE perspective look at behaviour?

A

mental processes that affect behavioral responses.

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9
Q

How does BIOLOGICAL perspective look at behaviour?

A

relationships between behavior and brain mechanisms.

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10
Q

How does EVOLUTIONARY perspective look at behaviour?

A

having evolved as an adaptation for survival in the environment

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11
Q

How does SOCIOCULTURAL perspective look at behaviour?

A

This examines behavior & its interpretation in cultural context

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12
Q

What is a BEHAVIOR?

A

The actions by which an organism adjusts to its environment.

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13
Q

What are behavior data?

A

Observational reports about the behavior of organisms and the conditions under which the behavior occurs or changes.

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14
Q

Define behavioral neuroscience?

A

A multidisciplinary field that attempts to understand the brain processes that underlie behavior.

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15
Q

Define behaviorism?

A

A scientific approach that limits the study of psychology to measurable or observable behavior.

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16
Q

Define cognitive neuroscience ?

A

A multidisciplinary field that attempts to understand the brain processes that underlie higher cognitive functions in humans.

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17
Q

what is Gestalt psychology?

A

A school of psychology that maintains that psychological phenomena can be understood only when viewed as organized, structured wholes, not when broken down into primitive perceptual elements.

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18
Q

introspection?

A

Individuals’ systematic examination of their own thoughts and feelings.

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19
Q

what is scientific method in psych?

A

The set of procedures used for gathering and interpreting objective information in a way that minimizes error and yields dependable generalizations.

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20
Q

functionalism?

A

The perspective on mind and behavior that focuses on the examination of their functions in an organism’s interactions with the environment.

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21
Q
  1. The definition of psychology focuses on both ______________ and ______________.
    a. behaviors; structures
    b. behaviors; mental processes
    c. mental processes; functions d. mental processes; structures
A

b

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22
Q
  1. To what goal of psychology is “level of analysis” most relevant?
    a. explaining what happens
    b. describing what happens
    c. predicting what will happen
    d. controlling what happens
A

a

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23
Q
  1. If you want to ______________ what will happen, you first must be able to ______________ what will happen.
    a. describe; explain
    c. control; predict
    b. describe; control
    d. explain; predict
A

c

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24
Q
  1. While watching a horror film, Betty suppressed her emotions but Hilda did not. You would expect Betty to eat ______________ comfort food than Hilda and ______________ non-comfort food.
    a. more; the same amount of
    b. more; less
    c. the same amount of; more
    d. less; more
A

b

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25
Q
  1. Who founded the first laboratory that was devoted to experimental psychology?
    a. William James
    c. Max Wertheimer
    b. Wilhelm Wundt
    d. John Dewey
A

b

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26
Q
  1. A researcher tells you that her main goal is to understand mental experiences as the combination of basic components. It is most likely that she finds the historical roots of her research in
    a. functionalism.
    b. the humanist perspective.
    c. structuralism.
    d. the evolutionary perspective.
A

c

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27
Q
  1. Who was the first woman to serve as president of the American Psychological Association?
    a. Margaret Washburn c. Jane Goodall
    b. Anna Freud
    d. Mary Calkins
A

d

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28
Q
  1. Two professors at universities in Boston and Mumbai are collaborating on a research project to determine how their students in the United States and India respond to the same reasoning problems. It’s likely that they take a ______________ perspective in their research.
    a. humanistic c. biological
    b. sociocultural d. psychodynamic
A

b

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29
Q
  1. The ______________ perspective draws on the ways in which human mental abilities serve adaptive purposes. a. cognitive
    c. evolutionary
    b. humanistic
    d. sociocultural
A

c

30
Q
  1. When you’re home with the flu, you spend a lot of time watching CourtTV. You weren’t surprised to see a ______________ psychologist testifying during a trial.
    a. health c. forensic
    b. social d. developmental
A

c

31
Q
  1. What type of question would a cognitive psychologist be likely to ask?
    a. Why do children sometimes have imaginary friends?
    b. Why do some students get sick every time they have a
    major exam?
    c. How can we design a keyboard for a computer that
    allows people to type more quickly?
    d. How are bilingual individuals able to switch between
    their two languages?
A

b/d NOT SURE YET

32
Q
  1. Which type of psychologist is least likely to focus on genetic aspects of human psychology?
    a. industrial–organizational psychologists
    b. developmental psychologists
    c. personality psychologists
    d. biological psychologists
A

b

33
Q
  1. Individuals with advanced degrees in psychology are most likely to be working in
    a. academic settings.
    b. hospitals and clinics.
    c. business and government.
    d. independent practice.
A

a

34
Q
  1. In assessments of violence risk, ______________ counts as a dynamic factor.
    a. gender
    b. substance abuse
    c. stability of family upbringing
    d. age at first conviction
A

b

35
Q
  1. In what phase of P4QR should you try to relate the textbook material to your prior knowledge about a topic?
    a. Reflect
    b. Recite
    c. Review
    d. Question
A

a

36
Q

what are the GOALS of Psych?

A 
DEPC:
Describe
Explain
Predict
help Control behaviour
37
Q

What is structuralism? And where did it come from?

A
  • > Structure of the mind & behaviour built from elemental sensations
  • > Wundt & Titchener
38
Q

What does Functionalism emphasize?

A

-> purpose behind behavior

= James & Dewey

39
Q

How many perspectives are there on behavior?

A

7

40
Q

How does PSYCHODYNAMIC perspective look at behaviour?

A

driven by instinctive forces, inner conflicts, and conscious and unconscious motivations

41
Q

How does BEHAVIORIST perspective look at behaviour?

A

determined by external stimulus conditions

42
Q

How does HUMANISTIC perspective look at behaviour?

A

individual’s inherent capacity to make rational choices

43
Q

How does COGNITIVE perspective look at behaviour?

A

mental processes that affect behavioral responses.

44
Q

How does BIOLOGICAL perspective look at behaviour?

A

relationships between behavior and brain mechanisms.

45
Q

How does EVOLUTIONARY perspective look at behaviour?

A

having evolved as an adaptation for survival in the environment

46
Q

How does SOCIOCULTURAL perspective look at behaviour?

A

This examines behavior & its interpretation in cultural context

47
Q

What is a BEHAVIOR?

A

The actions by which an organism adjusts to its environment.

48
Q

What are behaviour data?

A

Observational reports abt the behaviour of organisms and the conditions under which the behaviour occurs or changes.

49
Q

Define behavioural neuroscience?

A

A multidisciplinary field that attempts to understand the #BRAIN PROCESSES that underlie behaviour.

50
Q

Define behaviourism?

A

A scientific approach that limits the study of psychology to MEASURABLE or OBSERVABLE behaviour.

51
Q

Define cognitive neuroscience ?

A

A multidisciplinary field that attempts to understand the brain processes that underlie #HIGHER COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS in humans.

52
Q

what is Gestalt psychology?

A

A school of psychology that maintains that psychological phenomena can be understood only when viewed as organized, structured WHOLES, not when broken down into primitive perceptual elements.

53
Q

introspection?

A

Individuals’ systematic examination of their own thoughts and feelings.

54
Q

what is scientific method in psych?

A

set of procedures -> gathering & interpreting objective info
==> minimizes error & => dependable generalizations.

55
Q

functionalism?

A

The perspective on mind and behavior that focuses on the examination of their functions in an organism’s interactions with the environment.

56
Q
  1. The definition of psychology focuses on both ______________ and ______________.
    a. behaviors; structures
    b. behaviors; mental processes
    c. mental processes; functions d. mental processes; structures
A

b

57
Q
  1. To what goal of psychology is “level of analysis” most relevant?
    a. explaining what happens
    b. describing what happens
    c. predicting what will happen
    d. controlling what happens
A

a

58
Q
  1. If you want to ______________ what will happen, you first must be able to ______________ what will happen.
    a. describe; explain
    c. control; predict
    b. describe; control
    d. explain; predict
A

c

59
Q
  1. While watching a horror film, Betty suppressed her emotions but Hilda did not. You would expect Betty to eat ______________ comfort food than Hilda and ______________ non-comfort food.
    a. more; the same amount of
    b. more; less
    c. the same amount of; more
    d. less; more
A

b

60
Q
  1. Who founded the first laboratory that was devoted to experimental psychology?
    a. William James
    c. Max Wertheimer
    b. Wilhelm Wundt
    d. John Dewey
A

b

61
Q
  1. A researcher tells you that her main goal is to understand mental experiences as the combination of basic components. It is most likely that she finds the historical roots of her research in
    a. functionalism.
    b. the humanist perspective.
    c. structuralism.
    d. the evolutionary perspective.
A

c

62
Q
  1. Who was the first woman to serve as president of the American Psychological Association?
    a. Margaret Washburn c. Jane Goodall
    b. Anna Freud
    d. Mary Calkins
A

d

63
Q
  1. Two professors at universities in Boston and Mumbai are collaborating on a research project to determine how their students in the United States and India respond to the same reasoning problems. It’s likely that they take a ______________ perspective in their research.
    a. humanistic c. biological
    b. sociocultural d. psychodynamic
A

b

64
Q
  1. The ______________ perspective draws on the ways in which human mental abilities serve adaptive purposes. a. cognitive
    c. evolutionary
    b. humanistic
    d. sociocultural
A

c

65
Q
  1. When you’re home with the flu, you spend a lot of time watching CourtTV. You weren’t surprised to see a ______________ psychologist testifying during a trial.
    a. health c. forensic
    b. social d. developmental
A

c

66
Q
  1. What type of question would a cognitive psychologist be likely to ask?
    a. Why do children sometimes have imaginary friends?
    b. Why do some students get sick every time they have a
    major exam?
    c. How can we design a keyboard for a computer that
    allows people to type more quickly?
    d. How are bilingual individuals able to switch between
    their two languages?
A

b/d NOT SURE YET

67
Q
  1. Which type of psychologist is least likely to focus on genetic aspects of human psychology?
    a. industrial–organizational psychologists
    b. developmental psychologists
    c. personality psychologists
    d. biological psychologists
A

b

68
Q
  1. Individuals with advanced degrees in psychology are most likely to be working in
    a. academic settings.
    b. hospitals and clinics.
    c. business and government.
    d. independent practice.
A

a

69
Q
  1. In assessments of violence risk, ______________ counts as a dynamic factor.
    a. gender
    b. substance abuse
    c. stability of family upbringing
    d. age at first conviction
A

b

70
Q
  1. In what phase of P4QR should you try to relate the textbook material to your prior knowledge about a topic?
    a. Reflect
    b. Recite
    c. Review
    d. Question
A

a

PSYCH 100 (4 decks)

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