Chap 2- Research In IO Psychology

Question 1

Why research methods in I/O?

Answer 1

They use social scientific methods to study specific issues objectively

Question 2

Objectivity is

Answer 2

the scientific approach that is unbiased to observation and interpretation of behavior

Question 3

The goal of IO psychology includes

Answer 3

the ability to describe, explain, and predict phenomena.
IO is an applied science therefore has the goal of attempting to control, alter, change behavior to achieve the desired outcomes.

Question 4

research methods will equip you with

Answer 4

better knowledge and skills in how to explain, predict, explore, change, and build desired behavior at work

Question 5

The research methods procedure goes as follows:

Answer 5

1. Formation of the problem
2. Creating hypothesis
3. Choosing an experimental design
4. Data collection
5. Statistical analysis of data collected
6. Interpretation of results and drawing conclusions
7. Implementation of findings.

Question 6

The first step in conducting research is to

Answer 6

identify the problem and issue to be studied

Question 7

The second step is

Answer 7

is to take those elements the researcher intends to measure and develop the hypothesis

Question 8

Hypothesis testing is an act in statistics whereby an analyst

Answer 8

tests an assumption regarding a population parameter. The methodology employed by the analyst depends on the nature of the data used and the reason for the analysis.
it is used to assess the plausibility of a hypothesis by using sample data.
Such data may come from a larger population, or from a data-generating process.
The word “population” will be used for both of these cases in the following descriptions.

Question 9

There two major types of variables

Answer 9

– Independent and dependent.
Hypothesis are statement about the supposed relationship between or among those variables
Variables are the elements measure in the research process

Question 10

By testing hypothesis, researchers may be able to

Answer 10

develop a model or theory

A theory or model is an organization of beliefs into a representation of factors affecting a certain behavior

Question 11

the third step in IO research methods

Answer 11

Selecting the research/experimental design
Research design will depend on several factors such as
a- Research questions
b- Research settings
c- The control the researcher has on variables

Question 12

The data collection involves several steps:

Answer 12

1. Sampling which is the selection of representative group from the population (larger group of the study)
2. Random sampling refer to the selection of research participants from the population so that each individual has equal change or probability of being chosen
3. Stratified sampling is the selection of research participants based on categories representing important characteristics of the population

Question 13

There are other sampling procedures such as:

Answer 13

-Snowball sampling
- objective sampling
- systematic sampling
- Cluster sampling
- Convenience

Question 14

Statistical analysis of data collected

Answer 14

The fifth step in research process is data analysis.
Once data are collected, they can be analyzed using deferent ways.
In quantitative research, data are analysed using statistical methods

Question 15

In Qualitative research,

Answer 15

data are analyzed by identifying themes and analyze them using those themes.
Statistics are used to describe data and test hypothesis

Question 16

Interpretation of results and drawing conclusions

Answer 16

The final step in the research process is the interpretation of the results.
Researchers draw conclusions about the meanings of the findings and their relevance to the actual work behavior
In this step researchers do also identify the limitation of the current study and propose future research directions.

Question 17

IMPLEMENTATION

Answer 17

Implementation of findings.
The objective of research is to identify the facts.
Subsequently, those facts need to be implemented for better outcomes in future.

Question 18

THE MAJOR RESEARCH DESIGNS

Answer 18

EXPERIEMENTAL DESIGN
Is a research design characterized with high degree of control over research setting to allow determination of cause and effect relationships among variables.
Necessary feature of this design are:
- Random sampling and
- manipulated independent variables

Question 19

The independent variable is

Answer 19

the one manipiulated by a researcher

Question 20

The dependent is

Answer 20

the one influenced intentionally by independent variables

Question 21

Normally we will have two groups of participants:

Answer 21

• Research group
• Control group

Question 22

Variables

Answer 22

Treatment group is subject to changes in independent variable
Control group is the one receiving no treatment or changes independent variable.
Extraneous variables are those variables other than independent variables that are likely to have influence on the depended variable.

Question 23

Experimental design

Answer 23

The key to success of experimental method is to hold all extraneous variable constant (without influence).

Question 24

QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN

Answer 24

Most times, in this method a researcher does not have a control over the situation experimented to run the actual experiment.

Quasi-experiment methods involves the pre-existing groups where random assignment of participants is not possible.
The unit of analysis in this research might be a group or organization instead of individuals

Question 25

The other major research design is the correlation design

Answer 25

The other major research design is the correlation design
It examines the relationship between variables as they occur naturally.
No manipulation of variables is involved

Researchers observe two variables and measure their statistical association
The main advantage of correlation design is that it is easier to implement in many settings including work places

Question 26

Meta-analysis design

Answer 26

It involved combination of several results of different research to be combined and summarized.
It mainly rely on the magnitude of effect- size which indicates the magnitude of the relationship or effect found on the previous studies.