CHAP 2: FOUNDATIONS OF GUIDANCE

Question 1

believed that there was only one underlying reality

- the mind or the body, but not both

Answer 1

MONISM

Question 2

both existed

Answer 2

DUALISM-

Question 3

believed that humans were entirely physical

Answer 3

MATERIALISM-

Question 4

asserted that all human choices were determined by the laws of nature

Answer 4

DETERMINISTS

Question 5

human beings were slaves to nature and like machines, they could be known totally and completely.

Answer 5

MECHANISM

Question 6

reason and innate ideas guide knowledge.

Answer 6

RATIONALISM

Question 7

set the foundation for Psychology as an introspective science and for understanding that observable behavior was meaningful.

Answer 7

DESCARTES’ THESIS-

Question 8

experience was the source of knowledge and learning was a process of accumulating a series of sensory experiences.

Answer 8

EMPIRICISM-

Question 9

concentrated on natural phenomena or facts that were objectively observable. Values sensory experiences as the source of human knowledge.

Answer 9

POSITIVISM

Question 10

focused on the uniqueness of human beings and highlighted this as the only reality

Answer 10

EXISTENTIALISM

Question 11

subjective reality become more important than objective reality.

Answer 11

EXISTENTIALISM

Question 12

critical stages over the life span; what happens to the individual as they grow and change.

Answer 12

DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCH-

Question 13

individuals are shaped by, and in turn influence, their environments.

Answer 13

ECOLOGICAL PSYCH-

Question 14

examines the relationship between human behavior and environments

          - social settings
         - built environments
         - learning and informational  environments
         - everything natural on the planet

Answer 14

ENVIRONMENTAL PSYCH-