Chap 2 Flashcards
Prefire Planning
__ __ is the process of gathering and evaluating information, developing initial actions based on that info, and ensuring that the info remains current
Preincident planning
Assessment of a facility or location Mae before an emergency occurs, in order to prepare for an appropriate emergency response
Preincident survey
__ __ are not intended to locate code violations
Preincident surveys
__ __ inspections are performed to ensure that bldgs are up to code and therefore less likely to be at risk for fires or other hazards
Code enforcement
Because __ __ is the first priority, you must be familiar with the population demographics within your response area
Life safety
The structures where people __ and __ should be your second priority
Live
Work
CO’s are more likely to to get accurate info if they are __ when meeting with business owners during Preincident surveys
Respectful
Architectural drawing showing the overall project layout of the bldg areas, driveways, fences, fire hydrants, and landscape features for a given plot of land; view is from directly above
Plot plan
Note: taking photos or videos must include the express __ of the owners/occupants
Permission
__ __ are used to record info identified during the course of a survey
Survey forms
Note: a bldgs __ does not provide a good vantage point for gathering bldg construction information since the type and location of interior supports may be disguised by brick, stone, or aluminum siding
Exterior
The locations of the following items should be noted on floor plan drawings:
-Vertical shafts and horizontal openings
-fire pro equip such as standpipe/sprinkler controls
-fire control centers
-safe haven areas
-open pits and other process hazards
Life safety info is collected in 2 basic topic areas:
Protection and evacuation of occupants and protection of FF’s
__ a bldg can be more difficult if the occupants are disabled, or very young, such as infants
Evacuating
Everything within a structure that is not part of the structure can be considered its contents. The amount of contents is used to determine the __ __ in the structure
Fuel load
When CO’s observe and record the fuel load of bldg’s during Preincident surveys, they are primarily addressing the __ __ considerations of Preincident planning
Fire control
The materials used in the construction of most __ commercial and __ bldg’s contribute relatively little fuel to a fire
Modern
Mercantile
The only evidence that a fire exists within concealed structural spaces is __ of wall spaces, noise, __ __, or light __ in the air
Discoloration
Radiant heat
Smoke
Noncombustible barriers or dividers hound from the ceiling in large open areas that are designed to minimize the mushrooming effect of heat and smoke and impede the flow of heat.
Draft curtains
Provides guidelines for the design and installation of smoke and heat venting equip and recommends using automatic heat activated roof vents and draft curtains (curtain boards)
NFPA 204, Standard for Smoke and Heat Venting
Various types of vents and curtain boards:
Automatic roof and wall vents
Atrium vents
Monitors
Skylights-thermoplastic panels
Curtain boards
UFAD
Underfloor air distribution systems
Plastic that softens with an increased temp and hardens with decreased temps but does not undergo any chemical change
Thermoplastic
During a Preincident survey, pay particular attention to the absence or locations and conditions of:
Fixed fire extinguishing systems
Standpipe systems
Fire detection and alarm systems
Smoke, heat, or alarm activated doors
A Preincident survey should include the location of..
Hydrants
Instrument that is inserted into a flowing fluid to measure the velocity pressure of the stream
Pitot gauge
Personnel should be aware of __ __ supplies, such as lakes, that could be helpful at certain incidents
Static water
Caution: always consider the potential need for a __ __ supply
Secondary water
Your ability to control a fire will depend mainly on proper __ and the amount of __ you have available
Tactics
Water
__ __ __ is used to describe the estimated uninterrupted quantity of water expressed in gpm/lpm needed to extinguish a well established fire
Required fire flow
ISO
Insurance Services Office
ICC
International Code Council
FM
Factory Mutual
In the 1980’s, the NFA developed a formula for estimating fire flow based on the percentage of involvement:
gpm=(L x W)/3 x % involvement
For an offensive interior attack no more than 50% involved
Before making an offensive interior attack with the water available on your apparatus, consider how much before you have…
A constant water supply
__ __ is a formal written agreement between jurisdictions that share a common boundary
Automatic aid
Automatic aid occurs whenever certain __ conditions occur
Predetermined
__ __ is a reciprocal agreement between 2 or more fire and emerg service org’s
Mutual aid
Responses under a mutual aid agreement are usually based on an __ __ basis
On request
Horizontal member between trusses that support the roof
Purlin
Open web (diagonal member) trusses or wooden I-beams have replaced conventional subfloor construction and contain __ __ that are known to prematurely fail during a fire
Gusset plates
Wall that supports itself, the weight of the roof, and/or other internal framing components, such as the floor beams and trusses above it
Load bearing wall
Wall, usually interior, that supports only its own weight. Can be breached or moved without compromising structural integrity
Non load bearing wall
Incapable of supporting combustion under normal circumstances
Noncombustible
Steel structural members that are covered with either spray on fire proofing or fully encased
Protected steel
Reinforced or precast concrete, masonry, and protected steel frame meet the criteria for..
Type 1 construction
Type 1 construction are often referred to incorrectly as..
Fireproof
Type 1 will generally have limited interior __ fire extension
Vertical
The most common fires in type 1 are..
Room and contents
Factors that affects strategy and tactics in type 1:
High occupancy load and type
Location of fire and # of floors involved
Access/egress
Ventilation difficulties
Building safety features
Resource needs
__ __ consists of Noncombustible, or protected combustible, materials that do not meet the stricter requirements of type 1
Type II
__ __ requires that exterior walls be constructed of noncombustible materials, typically masonry
Type III
Some type III bldgs have __ __ and anchor plates that span from one side of the bldg to the other connected to ornamental stars or plates on the exterior
Tie rods
__ __ uses large dimensioned timber (greater than 4”) for all structural elements
Type IV
In type IV, __ __ are not permitted between structural members
Concealed spaces
Any other bldg materials used in construction and not made of wood must have a fire resistance rating of at least __ in type IV
1 hr
__ __ is commonly known as wood frame or frame construction
Type V
Unclassified construction types include __ __ homes
Factory built (manufactured, prefabric, and industrustrialized housing)
5 categories of factory built homes:
Manufactured (most common)
Modular
Panelized
Precut
Hybrid modular
Fires that begin in an __ __ plan structure will likely be initially fuel controlled because they will have adequate oxygen available
Open floor
A fire in a __ structure will generally be vent-controlled based on the amount of oxygen available within the compartment
Compartmentalized
The space between the top floor and the roof:
Attic or cockloft
The structural failure of a bldg or any portion of it resulting from a fire, snow, wind, water, or damage from other forces
Structural collapse
The primary concern with type I high rise bldg’s is __ __ from windows and walls, not collapse
Flying glass
Type II- when exposed to temps above __, unprotected steel will expand and twist, pushing out walls, and when cooled slightly constrict
1000*F
Least likely to collapse
Type IV
Type V multistory will generally burn through and collapse __
Inward
250 gpm adds _ ton of water weight per minute to the structure
1
