Chap 17.1 Flashcards
Caravel
a small, fast, maneuverable ship that had a large cargo hold and usually three masts with lateen sails
Colony
a settlement of people living in a new territory, linked with the parent country by trade and direct government control
Conquistador
a leader in the Spanish conquest of America
Mercantilism
a set of principles that dominated economic thought in the seventeenth century; it held that the prosperity of a nation depended on a large supply of gold and silver
Plantations
a large agricultural estate
Middle Passage
the forced voyage of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas
Peninsulare
a person born on the Iberian Peninsula; typically, a Spanish or Portuguese official who resided temporarily in Latin America for political and economic gain and then returned to Europe
Creole
a person of European descent born in Latin America and living there permanently
Encomienda
a system of labor the Spanish used in the Americas; Spanish landowners had the right, as granted by Queen Isabella, to use Native Americans as laborers
Mestizo
a man of mixed race, especially one having Spanish and indigenous descent
Mulatto
a person of mixed white and black ancestry, especially a person with one white and one black parent
Mita
a labor system that the Spanish administrators in Peru used to draft native people to work
Marco polo
-traveled from Venice to the Chinese court
-wrote account of experiences “the travels”
religious and economic motives
-merchants, adventurers, and state officials had high hopes of expanding trade
-many Catholics wanted to spread their faith to indigenous people (Jesuits?)
new European technologies
-more accurate maps
-magnetic compass (invented in china)
-learned about wind patterns
portugese explorers
-explored africa for gold 1420
-took control of spice trade from Muslims
spanish explorers
-sailed Atlantic ocean to asia
-while looking for asia, Columbus found americas
-magellan is considered first person to sail the world
spain vs portugal
both got to the americas around the same time so they resolved territory concerns w the Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)
conquest of the aztec
-aztec ruled most of cental mexico
-Cortes’ Spanish troop landed in Mexico 1519
-diseases spread among astec
-spanish took over atec and Mexico and colonized the land
conquest of the inca
-the inca were in south america
-spanish brought new diseases and weapons to the inca
-after the emperor died a civil war began
-spanish took the opportunity to take over cuzco, the inca capital
european rivals
-european countries bagan to challenge spanish and portugese control of the Americas
