absolutism ID test flashcards
mannerism
artistic movement that broke down the High Renaissance principles of balance, harmony, and moderation - marked the end of the Renaissance
el greco
-greek painter, sculptor, architect
-mannerism period
-elongated figures showed sorrow and enlightenment to the heavens
-stormy backgrounds
-view of toledo
-assumption of the virgin
baroque
an artistic style of the seventeenth century characterized by complex forms, bold ornamentation, and contrasting elements
-after mannerism
-movement
-the art of power
gian bernini
Italian architect and sculptor who completed Saint Peter’s Basilica in Rome
-action, exuberance, dramatic effects
-Saint Peter’s Throne
how were mannerism and baroque art different from the Italian and Northern Renaissance
they used shadow and distortion which were the opposite of the balanced ideals of both the Italian and Northern Renaissance
count wallenstein
-greatest Catholic general during the 30 years’ war
-eventually assassinated by the Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II (tried to make peace treaties with protestants)
destruction of the city of Magdeburg
Catholics burnt the German city of Protestants for the Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II
results of 30 years war
-After the 30 years war Germany was fragmented into princely states (Treaty of Westphalia)
-eventually out of that power vacuum, Prussia and Austria emerged as strong centralized powers with Absolute Rulers
-eventually led to a balance of centralized powers by the 1600s with the nations of Austria, Prussia, England, and France
louis XIV
Divine Right monarch of England (got his power from God and not subjects)
court life at Versailles
-nobles’ lives were dominated by etiquette, fashion, partying, and privileges in order for them to forget about participating in government
-nobles had no respect for the lower classes (especially because they didn’t have to pay taxes like the lower classes)
-Louis used his Finance Minister Jean Baptiste Colbert & mercantilism to finance his wars and to control the French common people with heavy taxes
english bill of rights 1689
-post Glorious Revolution
-signed by William and Mary of Orange (new English monarchs)
-helped create a system of government based on the rule of law and a freely elected Parliament
-parliament’s right to make laws and to levy taxes
-king couldn’t raise a standing army w/o parliament’s consent
-rights of citizens to keep arms and to have a jury trial
witchcraft in England
-Englishmen and women believed people communicated with the devil (generally through animals like cats)
-believed that witches could cause business & crop failures and even cast spells of death
-common people (esp. women) were usually the ones accused
-belief in witchcraft (and religion in general) lost its steam because of the logic of the Scientific Revolution
changes from the English civil war and the glorious revolution
-gains took away the power of the King and any abuses of or by Parliament
-made sure Parliament had frequent elections (every 2 years) and ensured updates of district populations for equal representation
-GR made Parliament the supreme power and could make laws without the consent of the King
**however, representation was only for the elite
Rembrandt
-dutch golden age painter
-distortion through use of shadow or proportion unlike the Renaissance
Dutch baroque art 1642
-the Dutch were Protestant so they liked to represent normal people and not the elite
-believed that they were a “community of believers” or “a priesthood of all believers”, thus they painted scenes of normal people outside or families within their homes
