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Human Anatomy Exam 3 > Chap 15 > Flashcards

Chap 15 Flashcards

1
Q

major regions of the brain

A

cerebrum, diencephalon, brainstem, cerebellum

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2
Q

direction:

A

anterior-toward nose

posterior-toward tail

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3
Q

three primary vesicles

A

prosencephalon (forebrain),
mesencephalon (midbrain),
rhombencephalon,(hindbrain)

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4
Q

Prosencephalon

A

telencephalon (cerebrum)

Diencephalon(epithalamus, thalamus, and hypothalamus)

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5
Q

Mesencephalon

A

Cerebral peduncles, superior colliculi, inferior colliculi.

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6
Q

Rhombencephalon

A

Metencephalon (pons, cerebellum)

myelencephalon (medulla oblongata)

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7
Q

gray matter made up of:

A

neuron and interneuron cell bodies, dendrites, telodendria, and unmyelinated axons.

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8
Q

White matter is made up of:

A

mylinated axons

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9
Q

Protection of the brain

A

blood brain barrier, cerebrospnal fluid, crainal meninges, and the cranium

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10
Q

cranial meninges

A

pia mater, arachnoid mater, and dura mater

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11
Q

stabilize the brains position:

A

falx cerrebri, tentorium cerebelli falx cerebelli and diaphragma sellae.

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12
Q

falx cerebri

A

largest

separates R and L cerebral hemispheres

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13
Q

Tentorium cerebelli

A

separates occiptal and temporal lobes

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14
Q

falx cerebelli

A

separate left and right cerebellar hemispheres

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15
Q

diaphragma sellae

A

forms a roof over the sella turcica.

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16
Q

Brain ventricles:

A

lateral ventricle, third ventricle, fourth ventricle, and cerebral aqueduct.

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17
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid:

A

provides bouyancy, protection and stable environment for the brain and spinal cord

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18
Q

CSF

A

*Made in the choroid plexus

enters the subarachnoid space from the ventricles and returns to the venous circulation through the arachnoid villi.

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19
Q

Blood brain barrier

A

regulates movement of materials between blood and interstitial fluid of the brain

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20
Q

cerebrum:

A

area of sensory perception, thought, memory, judgement and voluntary motor actions

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21
Q

Cerebral hemispheres are separated by:

A

longitudinal fissure

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22
Q

lobes of cerebrum:

A

frontal, parietal temporal occipital, and insula

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23
Q

Frontal lobe:

A

directs voluntary movements,

concentration, communication, personality and decision making

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24
Q

parietal lobe,

A

collects somatic sensory information

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25
Q

Temporal lobe

A

hearing and smell

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26
Q

occipital lobe

A

vision, storing visual memories

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27
Q

insula

A

memory, and taste interpretation

28
Q

precentral gyrus

A

primary motor cortex

29
Q

inferolateral left frontal lobe

A

motor speech area

30
Q

postcentral gyrus

A

primary somatosensory cortex

31
Q

occipital lobe

A

primary visual cortex

32
Q

temporal lobe

A

primary auditory cortex

33
Q

insula

A

primary gustatory cortex (taste)

34
Q

temporal lobe

A

primary olfactory cortex

35
Q

Central White Matter

A

deep to cerebral cortex gray matter-composed of myelinated axons
association tracts, commissural tracts, and projection tracts

36
Q

association tracts

A

connect different regions of cerebral cortex within the same hemisphere
(same side talk to different lobes)

37
Q

commissural tracts

A

extend between cerebral hemispheres

R/L talk to each other

38
Q

Projection tracts

A

link cerebral cortex to inferior brain regions and the spinal cord.

39
Q

Cerebral nuclei

A 
areas of gray matter deep within central white matter
caudate nucleus
amygdaloid body
putamen and globus pallidus
Claustrum
40
Q

Caudate nucleus

A

C shaped

contributes to smoothness of complex motor actions

41
Q

Amygdaloid body

A

expanded region at tail of caudate nucleus

involved in emotions moods, control behavior

42
Q

putamen and globus pallidus

A

located between insula and diencephalon

control muscular movement subconsciously

43
Q

claustrum

A

thin layer of neurons

processes visual information

44
Q

diencephalon:

A

processes and relay centers to integrate the sensory and motor pathways
includes thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus

45
Q

epithalamus

A

Posterior roof of diencephalon.

contains the pineal gland and habenular nuclei

46
Q

pineal gland

A

melatonin secreting endocrine gland

47
Q

habenular nuclei

A

relay signals from limbic system involved in emotional responses to odors

48
Q

thalamus

A

final relay point for integrating, assimilating, and amplifying sensory signals sent to the cerebral cortex

49
Q

hypothalamus

A

anteroinferior part of diencephalon

houses control and integrative centers, and oversees endocrine and autonomic nervous system functions

50
Q

brainstem

A

midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

51
Q

midbrain:

A

superior portion of the brainstem

contains cerebral peduncles, substantia nigra, tegmentum, tectal plate and nuclei for two cranial nerves

52
Q

Pons

A

bulging region in anterior brainstem

involved in sound localization

53
Q

medulla oblongata

A

connects the brain to the spinal cord. contains sensory processing centers, autonomic reflex centers and nucli for four cranial nerves.

54
Q

cerebellum

A

helps maintain posture and balance,

divides L and R cerebellar hemispheres each with anterior and posterior lobe

55
Q

vermis

A

midline between hemispheres

56
Q

arbor vitae

A

tree of life

white matter of cerebellum

57
Q

cerebellar peuncles

A

thick tracts that connect the cerebellum with different parts of the brainstem.

58
Q

limbic system:

A

collaborate to process/experience emotions.

59
Q

cingulate gyrus

A

located in longitudinal fissure of cerebral corex, brings events to consciousness

60
Q

parahippocampal gyrus

A

long term memory center

61
Q

hippocampus

A

essential in storing memories and forming long term memory

62
Q

amygdaloid body

A

connects to hippocampus involved in emotion, esp fear

63
Q

olfactory system

A

connects odors emotions memories

64
Q

fornix

A

thin tract that connects hippocampus with diencephalon

65
Q

diencephalon

A

multiple nuclei and mammillary bodies contribute via many connections

Human Anatomy Exam 3 (4 decks)

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