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Human Anatomy Exam 3 > Chap 14 > Flashcards

Chap 14 Flashcards

1
Q

Nervous system

A

all nervous tissue in the body

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2
Q

central nervous system

A

brain and spinal cord

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3
Q

peripheral nervous system

A

cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and ganglia

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4
Q

Functionally divided:

A

sensory and motor nervous systems

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5
Q

sensory nervous system

A

conveys sensory information to the CNS

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6
Q

motor nervous system

A

conducts motor commands to the muscles and glands

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7
Q

neuron characteristics

A

excitable
transmit nerve impulses
non mitotic

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8
Q

glial cells

A

completley surround and support neurons

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9
Q

generally neurons have:

A

a cell body, dendrites and an axon

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10
Q

classified structurally as

A

unipolar, bipolar, or multipolar depending on the number of attachments to the cell body.

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11
Q

classified functionally as

A

sensory, motor or interneurons

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12
Q

CNS glial cells:

A

astrocytes, ependymal cells, microglial cells, and oligodendrocytes

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13
Q

astrocytes

A

help form the blood brain barrier and regulate tissue fluid composition

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14
Q

ependymal cells

A

line CNS cavities and produce cerebrospinal fluid

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15
Q

microglial cells

A

act as phagocytes in nervous tissue

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16
Q

oligodendrocytes

A

mylinate CNS axons

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17
Q

PNS glial cells

A

satellite cells and nerolemmocytes

18
Q

satellite cells

A

support neurons cell bodies in ganglia

19
Q

nerolemmocytes

A

mylinate PNS axons

20
Q

Nerve impulse:

A

a rapid movement of a charge along a neurons plasma membrane

21
Q

Mylination

A

oligodendrocytes (CNS) and nerolemmocytes (PNS) form a discontinuous mylin sheath along the axon, with small gaps (neurofibril nodes)

22
Q

neurofibril nodes

A

small gaps between mylin sheath help conduct impulses faster

23
Q

unmylinated axons

A

associated with a neurolemmocyte but not ensheathed by it.

24
Q

Wallerian degeneration

A

regeneration of damaged neurons

limited to PNS axons that are able to regrow under certain conditions

25
Q

Epineurium

A

surrouds fascicles

26
Q

perineurium

A

surrounds individual fasicles

27
Q

endoneurium

A

surrounds individual axons

28
Q

synapse

A

a specialized junction between two excitable cells where a nerve impulse is transmitted

29
Q

synaptic knobs

A

swellings of axons at their end branches

30
Q

synaptic cleft

A

space between the presynaptic and postsynaptic cells

31
Q

classification of synapses

A

axodendritic, axosomatic or axoaxonic

32
Q

axodendritic

A

most common: presynaptic knobs synapse with postsynaptic dendrites (standard delivery)

33
Q

axosomatic

A

between synaptic knobs and the cell body of postsynaptic neuron (express delivery)

34
Q

axoaxonic

A 
least common: presynaptic knob with postsynaptic knob (first class delivery)
*usually overides brains orders
35
Q

electrical synapses

A

a flow of ions pass from presynaptic cell to postsynaptic cell through gap junctions

36
Q

chemical synapses

A

nerve impulse causes a release of a chemical neurotransmitter from presynaptic cell that induces response in the postsynaptic cell.

37
Q

what increases rate of conduction?

A

presence of a myelin sheath, larger the axon diameter.

38
Q

neuronal pools

A

groups of interneurons- cordinate and integrate nervous activity.

39
Q

converging circuit

A

neurons synapse at a single postsynaptic neuron

>—-

40
Q

diverging circuit

A

spreads information to several neurons

—–<

41
Q

reverberating circuit

A

neurons continue to restimulate presynaptic neurons in the circuit.
-0

42
Q

Parallel after discharge circuit

A

involves parallel pathways that process the same information over different amounts of time and deliver that information to the same output cell.
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Human Anatomy Exam 3 (4 decks)

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