Chap 14 Acid Base Imbalances Flashcards by Natalie Waltonen

What is a low pH value

1 (as acidic as possible)

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What is a high pH value

14 (as alkaline as possible)

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What is your blood pH

Less than 0.0001 mEq/L

Calculated as negative logarithm of concentration on mEq/L

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What will acid do

Releases hydrogen ions when dissolved in water

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What is a strong acid

Separates completely in water and readily releases all of its hydrogen ions

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What is a weak acid

Does not completely separate in water and releases only some of its hydrogen ions

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What does a base do

Binds free hydrogen ions in solution

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Strong Base

Bind hydrogen ions easily

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A weak base

Bind hydrogen ions less readily

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Body fluid pH

A measure of the body fluid’s free hydrogen ion level

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React as an acid or a base to bring body fluid as close to normal pH as possible

Buffers

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What is the most common base in human body fluid

Bicarbonate (HCO3)

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The most common acid in human body fluid

Carbonic acid (H2CO3)

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H2CO3 to HCO3 ratio

0.05555555555555555

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A gas that forms carbonic acid when combined with water

Carbon dioxide (CO2)

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A decrease in hydrogen ions and increase in pH caused by an increase in bicarbonate

Alkaline
⤵️hydrogen ions
⤴️pH 
Caused by 
⤴️bicarbonate

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An increase in free hydrogen and decrease in pH caused by an increase in the CO2 level

Acidic
⤴️free hydrogen
⤵️pH
Caused by
⤴️CO2

Kidney function = bicarbonate levels

Slow but powerful response

Lung function = carbon dioxide levels

Rapid but Limited response

Lacking adequate oxygen

Anaerobic

The result of anaerobic metabolism

Lactic Acid

Can bind or release free hydrogen ions as needed to maintain balance of pH

Protein Buffers

Controlled by the central nervous system (CNS)

Respiratory Regulation

Increased rate and depth of breathing triggered by the CNS to decrease amount of CO2 in the blood

Hyperventilation

Decreased rate and depth of breathing triggered by the CNS to increase amount of CO2 in the blood

HyPOventilation

1st Kidney pH control action

HCO3

2nd kidney pH control action

Acids

3rd kidney pH control action

Ammonium

Occurs to correct acid-base imbalance resulting from metabolic problem

Respiratory Compensation

Occurs to correct changes in blood pH resulting from a respiratory system that is overwhelmed or not healthy

Kidney compensation

Blood pH below normal

Acidosis

Blood pH above normal

Alkalosis

Excessive breakdown of fatty acids, anaerobic glucose breakdown, excessive intake of acids

Overproduction of hydrogen ions

Occurs when cells are forced to use glucose without adequate oxygen

Lactic acidosis

This leads to acidosis when removal does not occur at the same rate as normal production

Under elimination of hydrogen ions

Leads to acidosis when production is insufficient despite normal production and elimination

Underproduction of bicarbonate ions

Leads to acidosis when hydrogen ion production and removal are normal but too many ions are lost

Over elimination of bicarbonate ions

7.35 - 7.45

80 - 100 mm Hg

PaO2 | Partial Pressure of arterial Oxygen

35 - 45 mm Hh

PaCO2 | Partial Pressure of Arterial Carbon Dioxide

21 - 28 mEq/L

HCO3 | Bicarbonate