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Nursing 2016-17 Lpn-Rn > Chap 14 Acid Base Imbalances > Flashcards

Chap 14 Acid Base Imbalances Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a low pH value

A

1 (as acidic as possible)

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2
Q

What is a high pH value

A

14 (as alkaline as possible)

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3
Q

What is your blood pH

A

Less than 0.0001 mEq/L

Calculated as negative logarithm of concentration on mEq/L

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4
Q

What will acid do

A

Releases hydrogen ions when dissolved in water

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5
Q

What is a strong acid

A

Separates completely in water and readily releases all of its hydrogen ions

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6
Q

What is a weak acid

A

Does not completely separate in water and releases only some of its hydrogen ions

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7
Q

What does a base do

A

Binds free hydrogen ions in solution

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8
Q

Strong Base

A

Bind hydrogen ions easily

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9
Q

A weak base

A

Bind hydrogen ions less readily

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10
Q

Body fluid pH

A

A measure of the body fluid’s free hydrogen ion level

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11
Q

React as an acid or a base to bring body fluid as close to normal pH as possible

A

Buffers

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12
Q

What is the most common base in human body fluid

A

Bicarbonate (HCO3)

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13
Q

The most common acid in human body fluid

A

Carbonic acid (H2CO3)

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14
Q

H2CO3 to HCO3 ratio

A

0.05555555555555555

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15
Q

A gas that forms carbonic acid when combined with water

A

Carbon dioxide (CO2)

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16
Q

A decrease in hydrogen ions and increase in pH caused by an increase in bicarbonate

A 
Alkaline
⤵️hydrogen ions
⤴️pH 
Caused by 
⤴️bicarbonate
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17
Q

An increase in free hydrogen and decrease in pH caused by an increase in the CO2 level

A 
Acidic
⤴️free hydrogen
⤵️pH
Caused by
⤴️CO2
18
Q

Kidney function = bicarbonate levels

A

Slow but powerful response

19
Q

Lung function = carbon dioxide levels

A

Rapid but Limited response

20
Q

Lacking adequate oxygen

A

Anaerobic

21
Q

The result of anaerobic metabolism

A

Lactic Acid

22
Q

Can bind or release free hydrogen ions as needed to maintain balance of pH

A

Protein Buffers

23
Q

Controlled by the central nervous system (CNS)

A

Respiratory Regulation

24
Q

Increased rate and depth of breathing triggered by the CNS to decrease amount of CO2 in the blood

A

Hyperventilation

25
Q

Decreased rate and depth of breathing triggered by the CNS to increase amount of CO2 in the blood

A

HyPOventilation

26
Q

1st Kidney pH control action

A

HCO3

27
Q

2nd kidney pH control action

A

Acids

28
Q

3rd kidney pH control action

A

Ammonium

29
Q

Occurs to correct acid-base imbalance resulting from metabolic problem

A

Respiratory Compensation

30
Q

Occurs to correct changes in blood pH resulting from a respiratory system that is overwhelmed or not healthy

A

Kidney compensation

31
Q

Blood pH below normal

A

Acidosis

32
Q

Blood pH above normal

A

Alkalosis

33
Q

Excessive breakdown of fatty acids, anaerobic glucose breakdown, excessive intake of acids

A

Overproduction of hydrogen ions

34
Q

Occurs when cells are forced to use glucose without adequate oxygen

A

Lactic acidosis

35
Q

This leads to acidosis when removal does not occur at the same rate as normal production

A

Under elimination of hydrogen ions

36
Q

Leads to acidosis when production is insufficient despite normal production and elimination

A

Underproduction of bicarbonate ions

37
Q

Leads to acidosis when hydrogen ion production and removal are normal but too many ions are lost

A

Over elimination of bicarbonate ions

38
Q

7.35 - 7.45

A

pH

39
Q

80 - 100 mm Hg

A

PaO2

Partial Pressure of arterial Oxygen

40
Q

35 - 45 mm Hh

A

PaCO2

Partial Pressure of Arterial Carbon Dioxide

41
Q

21 - 28 mEq/L

A

HCO3

Bicarbonate

Nursing 2016-17 Lpn-Rn (5 decks)

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