Chap 14 Acid Base Imbalances Flashcards
What is a low pH value
1 (as acidic as possible)
What is a high pH value
14 (as alkaline as possible)
What is your blood pH
Less than 0.0001 mEq/L
Calculated as negative logarithm of concentration on mEq/L
What will acid do
Releases hydrogen ions when dissolved in water
What is a strong acid
Separates completely in water and readily releases all of its hydrogen ions
What is a weak acid
Does not completely separate in water and releases only some of its hydrogen ions
What does a base do
Binds free hydrogen ions in solution
Strong Base
Bind hydrogen ions easily
A weak base
Bind hydrogen ions less readily
Body fluid pH
A measure of the body fluid’s free hydrogen ion level
React as an acid or a base to bring body fluid as close to normal pH as possible
Buffers
What is the most common base in human body fluid
Bicarbonate (HCO3)
The most common acid in human body fluid
Carbonic acid (H2CO3)
H2CO3 to HCO3 ratio
0.05555555555555555
A gas that forms carbonic acid when combined with water
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
A decrease in hydrogen ions and increase in pH caused by an increase in bicarbonate
Alkaline ⤵️hydrogen ions ⤴️pH Caused by ⤴️bicarbonate
An increase in free hydrogen and decrease in pH caused by an increase in the CO2 level
Acidic ⤴️free hydrogen ⤵️pH Caused by ⤴️CO2
Kidney function = bicarbonate levels
Slow but powerful response
Lung function = carbon dioxide levels
Rapid but Limited response
Lacking adequate oxygen
Anaerobic
The result of anaerobic metabolism
Lactic Acid
Can bind or release free hydrogen ions as needed to maintain balance of pH
Protein Buffers
Controlled by the central nervous system (CNS)
Respiratory Regulation
Increased rate and depth of breathing triggered by the CNS to decrease amount of CO2 in the blood
Hyperventilation
Decreased rate and depth of breathing triggered by the CNS to increase amount of CO2 in the blood
HyPOventilation
1st Kidney pH control action
HCO3
2nd kidney pH control action
Acids
3rd kidney pH control action
Ammonium
Occurs to correct acid-base imbalance resulting from metabolic problem
Respiratory Compensation
Occurs to correct changes in blood pH resulting from a respiratory system that is overwhelmed or not healthy
Kidney compensation
Blood pH below normal
Acidosis
Blood pH above normal
Alkalosis
Excessive breakdown of fatty acids, anaerobic glucose breakdown, excessive intake of acids
Overproduction of hydrogen ions
Occurs when cells are forced to use glucose without adequate oxygen
Lactic acidosis
This leads to acidosis when removal does not occur at the same rate as normal production
Under elimination of hydrogen ions
Leads to acidosis when production is insufficient despite normal production and elimination
Underproduction of bicarbonate ions
Leads to acidosis when hydrogen ion production and removal are normal but too many ions are lost
Over elimination of bicarbonate ions
7.35 - 7.45
pH
80 - 100 mm Hg
PaO2
Partial Pressure of arterial Oxygen
35 - 45 mm Hh
PaCO2
Partial Pressure of Arterial Carbon Dioxide
21 - 28 mEq/L
HCO3
Bicarbonate
