Chap 14 Flashcards

1
Q

C-shaped band of nerve tract that connects two cerebral hemispheres is;

A

corpus callosum

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2
Q

process initiate by stimuli acting on sensory receptors;

A

sensation

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3
Q

conscious awareness of sensations;

A

perception

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4
Q

3 receptors (based on their location);

A
  • cutaneous receptor (skin=external)
  • visceroreceptors (organs=internal)
  • proprioceptors (joints, tendons, connective tissue)
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5
Q

direct pathways (pyramidal system);

A

muscle tone, speed, precision of skill

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6
Q

indirect pathways (extrapyramidal system);

A

less precise control of motor functions, posture

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7
Q

reticulospinal tract;

A
  1. neuron cell bodies are in reticular formation of pons and medulla.
  2. axons descend in lateral column
  3. synapse with interneurons, then lower motor neurons in the ventromedial spinal cord central gray matter
  4. upper and lower limb muscles
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8
Q

brain waves;

A

electrical activity in the brain

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9
Q

cranial nerves of speech;

A
  • vagus

- hypoglossal

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10
Q

memory processing order;

A

working memory
short-term memory
long-term memory

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11
Q

voluntary movements of premotor cortex;

A
  • order and strength of specific muscle contraction

- sends organized information to the primary motor cortex

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12
Q

higher density of sensory receptors locate:

A

face & hands

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13
Q

alpha wave;

A

awake in a quiet resting state with eyes closed

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14
Q

beta wave;

A

intense mental activity

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15
Q

theta wave;

A

adult in frustration / children

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16
Q

delta wave;

A

in deep sleep / severe brain disorders / infants

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17
Q

roles of motor areas of the brain;

A
  • move head, limbs and trunk
  • maintain posture
  • verbal and nonverbal communication
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18
Q

transfer/convert short-term memory to long-term memory is called;

A

consolidation

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19
Q

type of sensory receptors for pain:

A

nociceptors

20
Q

activities associated with left hemisphere are;

A
  • math calculation

- production of speech

21
Q

broca area;

A

articulation of spoken words

22
Q

corticospinal;

A

movement below the head

23
Q

corticobulbar;

A

movement of head

24
Q

rubrospinal;

A

coordination of movement

25
vestibulospinal;
posture / balance
26
tectospinal;
visual / auditory reflexive movement
27
red nucleus locates;
boundary between diencephalon and midbrain
28
rubrospinal tract originated in the _______, terminates in the lateral portion of spinal cord________.
red nucleus, | gray matter
29
proprioceptors respond in;
changes in muscle tension= know where hand is as it moves
30
tract system that carries sensory info from skin to brain;
anterolateral system
31
limbic system structure
- hippocampus - olfactory cortex - cingulate gyrus
32
general senses associated with changes in internal organs are;
visceral senses
33
a person to repeat a word she hears; order =
1. primary auditory cortex 2. auditory association cortex 3. Wernicke area 4. Broca area 5. premotor cortex 6. primary motor cortex
34
cortical area adjacent to primary sensory area that is important in the process of recognition is;
association area
35
type of senses utilize chemoreceptors;
smell | taste
36
limbic system includes;
- olfactory cortex - cingulate gyrus = satisfaction center - hippocampus = memory to survive
37
direct pathways is also called ______, are maintaining muscle tone and skilled movements
pyramidal system
38
direct pathways = upper motor neurons in the cerebral cortex synapse directly with _______ in the brainstem or spinal cord.
lower motor neurons
39
crossing over of most fibers in the corticospinal tracts occurs in the;
pyramidal decussation of medulla
40
steps of voluntary movements;
1. pre-motor areas of the cerebral cortex initiates stimulation of upper motor neurons 2. axons of upper motor neurons stimulate lower motor neurons,which stimulate skeletal muscle to contract 3. cerebral cortex interacts with the basal nuclei and cerebellum in planing, coordinating, and executing movements
41
extrinsic means =
outside (of something)
42
thalamic neurons carry sensory input such as; pain, pressure, temperature in the;
primary somatic sensory cortex
43
interpretation of written and spoken language;
Wernicke area
44
2 major ascending pathways involved in conscious perception of external stimuli are;
- spinothalamic tract (of anterolateral system) | - dorsal-column / medial-lemniscal system
45
sensory receptors located in the skin are _____ receptors
cutaneous
46
transmit signals from Wernicke to Broca area;
arcuate fasciculus