Chap 14

Question 1

C-shaped band of nerve tract that connects two cerebral hemispheres is;

Answer 1

corpus callosum

Question 2

process initiate by stimuli acting on sensory receptors;

Answer 2

sensation

Question 3

conscious awareness of sensations;

Answer 3

perception

Question 4

3 receptors (based on their location);

Answer 4

• cutaneous receptor (skin=external)
• visceroreceptors (organs=internal)
• proprioceptors (joints, tendons, connective tissue)

Question 5

direct pathways (pyramidal system);

Answer 5

muscle tone, speed, precision of skill

Question 6

indirect pathways (extrapyramidal system);

Answer 6

less precise control of motor functions, posture

Question 7

reticulospinal tract;

Answer 7

1. neuron cell bodies are in reticular formation of pons and medulla.
2. axons descend in lateral column
3. synapse with interneurons, then lower motor neurons in the ventromedial spinal cord central gray matter
4. upper and lower limb muscles

Question 8

brain waves;

Answer 8

electrical activity in the brain

Question 9

cranial nerves of speech;

Answer 9

• vagus

- hypoglossal

Question 10

memory processing order;

Answer 10

working memory
short-term memory
long-term memory

Question 11

voluntary movements of premotor cortex;

Answer 11

• order and strength of specific muscle contraction

- sends organized information to the primary motor cortex

Question 12

higher density of sensory receptors locate:

Answer 12

face & hands

Question 13

alpha wave;

Answer 13

awake in a quiet resting state with eyes closed

Question 14

beta wave;

Answer 14

intense mental activity

Question 15

theta wave;

Answer 15

adult in frustration / children

Question 16

delta wave;

Answer 16

in deep sleep / severe brain disorders / infants

Question 17

roles of motor areas of the brain;

Answer 17

• move head, limbs and trunk
• maintain posture
• verbal and nonverbal communication

Question 18

transfer/convert short-term memory to long-term memory is called;

Answer 18

consolidation

Question 19

type of sensory receptors for pain:

Answer 19

nociceptors

Question 20

activities associated with left hemisphere are;

Answer 20

• math calculation

- production of speech

Question 21

broca area;

Answer 21

articulation of spoken words

Question 22

corticospinal;

Answer 22

movement below the head

Question 23

corticobulbar;

Answer 23

movement of head

Question 24

rubrospinal;

Answer 24

coordination of movement

Question 25

vestibulospinal;

Answer 25

posture / balance

Question 26

tectospinal;

Answer 26

visual / auditory reflexive movement

Question 27

red nucleus locates;

Answer 27

boundary between diencephalon and midbrain

Question 28

rubrospinal tract originated in the _______, terminates in the lateral portion of spinal cord________.

Answer 28

red nucleus,

gray matter

Question 29

proprioceptors respond in;

Answer 29

changes in muscle tension= know where hand is as it moves

Question 30

tract system that carries sensory info from skin to brain;

Answer 30

anterolateral system

Question 31

limbic system structure

Answer 31

• hippocampus
• olfactory cortex
• cingulate gyrus

Question 32

general senses associated with changes in internal organs are;

Answer 32

visceral senses

Question 33

a person to repeat a word she hears; order =

Answer 33

1. primary auditory cortex
2. auditory association cortex
3. Wernicke area
4. Broca area
5. premotor cortex
6. primary motor cortex

Question 34

cortical area adjacent to primary sensory area that is important in the process of recognition is;

Answer 34

association area

Question 35

type of senses utilize chemoreceptors;

Answer 35

smell

taste

Question 36

limbic system includes;

Answer 36

• olfactory cortex
• cingulate gyrus = satisfaction center
• hippocampus = memory to survive

Question 37

direct pathways is also called ______, are maintaining muscle tone and skilled movements

Answer 37

pyramidal system

Question 38

direct pathways = upper motor neurons in the cerebral cortex synapse directly with _______ in the brainstem or spinal cord.

Answer 38

lower motor neurons

Question 39

crossing over of most fibers in the corticospinal tracts occurs in the;

Answer 39

pyramidal decussation of medulla

Question 40

steps of voluntary movements;

Answer 40

1. pre-motor areas of the cerebral cortex initiates stimulation of upper motor neurons
2. axons of upper motor neurons stimulate lower motor neurons,which stimulate skeletal muscle to contract
3. cerebral cortex interacts with the basal nuclei and cerebellum in planing, coordinating, and executing movements

Question 41

extrinsic means =

Answer 41

outside (of something)

Question 42

thalamic neurons carry sensory input such as; pain, pressure, temperature in the;

Answer 42

primary somatic sensory cortex

Question 43

interpretation of written and spoken language;

Answer 43

Wernicke area

Question 44

2 major ascending pathways involved in conscious perception of external stimuli are;

Answer 44

• spinothalamic tract (of anterolateral system)

- dorsal-column / medial-lemniscal system

Question 45

sensory receptors located in the skin are _____ receptors

Answer 45

cutaneous

Question 46

transmit signals from Wernicke to Broca area;

Answer 46

arcuate fasciculus